本文選題：香青屬 + 鼠灩草族��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：香青屬Anaphalis DC.隸屬菊科Compositae/Asteraceae鼠麴草族Gnaphalieae,約有110種,是亞洲鼠灩草族最大的屬。泛喜馬拉雅地區(qū)指喜馬拉雅山及其鄰近地區(qū),是一個(gè)自然的植物地理單元,是研究植物分類(lèi)與系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化的熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)。該地區(qū)是香青屬物種多樣化最豐富的地區(qū),分布的香青屬物種占其總數(shù)的60-70%。香青屬屬下類(lèi)群數(shù)量多,種間性狀存在交叉現(xiàn)象,不易劃分,種間界限模糊不清,是菊科系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究的難點(diǎn)之一。本研究通過(guò)對(duì)泛喜馬拉雅地區(qū)的香青屬植物的文獻(xiàn)及標(biāo)本進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)整理和研究考證,旨在摸清該地區(qū)香青屬的種類(lèi)和地理分布,結(jié)合香青屬瘦果表面微形態(tài)特征以及分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)的研究,探討屬下種間以及該屬與近緣屬之間的系統(tǒng)學(xué)關(guān)系,為世界范圍內(nèi)的香青屬研究和鼠麴草族植物的系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究以及泛喜馬拉雅地區(qū)植物多樣性研究提供依據(jù)。1.香青屬瘦果表面微形態(tài)特征研究本研究通過(guò)對(duì)香青屬29個(gè)類(lèi)群的瘦果表面微形態(tài)特征進(jìn)行電鏡掃描觀察,比較瘦果的形狀、大小,表皮細(xì)胞的排列方式、外壁紋飾及上表皮蠟質(zhì)發(fā)育程度等特征。研究結(jié)果表明:瘦果表面微形態(tài)特征在種間差別明顯,根據(jù)瘦果表面紋飾的不同,可以將香青屬分為兩種類(lèi)型:Ⅰ.網(wǎng)紋+橫棒狀突起型,包括珠光系的A.margaritacea和A.margaritacea var.angustifolia,蛛毛系的A.busua以及球苞系的所有種類(lèi);Ⅱ.舌狀突起型,包括珠光系的A.contortiformis、香青系、亞灌木系、淡黃系、木根系、和污毛系的所有種類(lèi)。瘦果表面微形態(tài)特征在傳統(tǒng)劃分的香青屬屬下分類(lèi)系統(tǒng)的不同的組和系之間存在交叉現(xiàn)象,但基本符合“系”級(jí)水平的劃分。2.分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究本研究對(duì)72個(gè)香青屬分類(lèi)群的葉綠體基因(cpDNA)片段psbA-trnH、trnLF和rpl32-trnL以及核基因(nrDNA)ITS進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增測(cè)序,結(jié)合Genbank中的相關(guān)序列構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹(shù),從分子水平上探討香青屬與近緣屬以及香青屬屬下的系統(tǒng)學(xué)關(guān)系。研究結(jié)果表明:1)不支持香青屬是單系群。用葉綠體基因(psbAtrnH+trnL-F+rpl32-trnL)序列構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹(shù)中,香青屬物種被分為兩支,一支包括A.margaritacea,A.nepalensis和A.triplinervis,另一支包括大部分的香青屬物種;用ITS序列構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)化樹(shù)中,香青屬物種也分別聚集在兩個(gè)大的進(jìn)化支內(nèi),一支包括A.margaritacea,A.nepalensis,A.triplinervis,A.porphyrolepis,A.virgata和A.adnata,另一支包括大部分的香青屬物種;在兩種基因構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)樹(shù)中,兩支香青屬物種都嵌套在擬蠟菊屬Helichrysum內(nèi)。2)在ITS序列構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)樹(shù)中A.adnata與A.margaritacea,A.nepalensis,A.triplinervis,A.porphyrolepis,A.virgata聚為一支,且具有很高的支持率(BSML=96%,PP=1),因此不支持Flora of China中將A.adnata轉(zhuǎn)移到擬鼠麴草屬Pseudognaphalium的處理。3)香青屬與Helichrysum和Pseudognaphalium關(guān)系很近。4)用cpDNA構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)學(xué)關(guān)系與用nrDNA構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)學(xué)關(guān)系在各分支內(nèi)種間存在不一致現(xiàn)象。3.泛喜馬拉雅地區(qū)香青屬分類(lèi)學(xué)研究通過(guò)對(duì)泛喜馬拉雅地區(qū)涉及的各地區(qū)植物志、植物名錄、相關(guān)網(wǎng)站、專(zhuān)著、物種的原始文獻(xiàn)等的廣泛查閱、收集和考證以及對(duì)7100多份標(biāo)本的統(tǒng)計(jì)、分析和研究,確定了泛喜馬拉雅地區(qū)香青屬植物的名錄,該地區(qū)共有香青屬植物66種21變種;根據(jù)查閱的標(biāo)本明確了該地區(qū)每個(gè)香青屬物種的地理分布,并進(jìn)行了標(biāo)本引證;首次對(duì)宏觀形態(tài)和微觀形態(tài)性狀分析、比較,編制了該地區(qū)香青屬植物的分種檢索表。本研究宏觀形態(tài)學(xué)、微觀形態(tài)學(xué)以及分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究的結(jié)果都支持將香青屬分為兩組:Ⅰ.葉基不下延組,包括珠光系Ser.Margaripes(DC.)Boiss.和球苞系Ser.Nepalenses Ling;Ⅱ.葉基下延組,包括擬鼠灩亞屬Subgen.Gnaphaliops Ling的A.bulleyana以及蛛毛系Ser.Busuae Ling、帚枝系Ser.Virgatae Boriss.、香青系Ser.Sinicae Ling、銳葉系Ser.Oxyphyllae Ling、亞灌木系Ser.Suffruticosae Ling、木根系Ser.Xylorhizae Ling、污毛系Ser.Pannosae Ling、淡黃系Ser.Flavescentes Ling,與傳統(tǒng)劃分不一致。葉基不下延的A.margaritacea,A.nepalensis,A.triplinervis和A.acutifolia系統(tǒng)學(xué)關(guān)系近,在分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究中聚為一支,且瘦果表面都具有網(wǎng)紋和橫棒狀突起;本研究涉及的葉基下延的類(lèi)群系統(tǒng)學(xué)關(guān)系近,在分子系統(tǒng)學(xué)研究中聚為一支,且瘦果表面都具舌狀突起。
[Abstract]:The Anaphalis DC. of the genus Anaphalis belongs to the Compositae Compositae/Asteraceae mouse Aspergillus Gnaphalieae, which is the largest genus of the Asiatic tribe. The pan Himalaya area refers to the Himalaya Range and its adjacent areas. It is a natural plant geographic unit. It is a hot area to study the taxonomy and phylogenetic evolution of plants. The number of 60-70%. genias in the most abundant species of species, the interspecific character of interspecies, interspecific and interspecific, is one of the difficulties in the systematic study of the Compositae. This study was carried out through the literature and specimens of the herbs of the genera in the pan Himalaya region. The purpose of this study is to find out the species and geographical distribution of the genus genus in this area. The systematic study of the micromorphological features and molecular systematics of the achenes of the genus penis and the phylogenetic relationship between the genus and the genera and the genera are discussed in order to study the phylogeny and the phylogeny of the genus Aspergillus. The study of plant diversity in the pan Himalaya area provides a basis for the study of the micromorphological characteristics of the achenes surface of the.1. genus. By scanning the micromorphological features of the achenes surface of 29 groups of the genus scent, the shape and size of the achenes, the arrangement of the epidermal cells, the ornamentation of the outer wall and the wax development of the upper epidermis were compared. The results show that the micromorphological characteristics of the surface of the achenes are distinct between the species. According to the different ornamentation of the surface of the achenes, the genus can be divided into two types: 1. The reticulated and transverse rod type, including the A.margaritacea and A.margaritacea var.angustifolia of the pearlite, the A.busua of the arachnoid system and all kinds of the ball bracts; The tongue shaped protuberance, including the A.contortiformis of the pearlite, the shrub, the shrub, the light yellow system, the root system, and all kinds of dirty hair lines. The micromorphological characteristics of the surface of the achenes are intersecting between the different groups and lines of the traditional taxonomic system of the subdivision of the genus geniene, but basically conform to the "line" level division of the.2. molecular system. In this study, the chloroplast gene (cpDNA) psbA-trnH, trnLF, rpl32-trnL and nuclear gene (nrDNA) ITS of 72 taxa of the genus chloroplast were amplified and sequenced, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed in conjunction with the sequence of Genbank. The phylogenetic relationship between the genus chloroplast and the genus of the genus chloroplast and the genus chloroplast was discussed at the molecular level. 1) 1) the genus chloroplast is unsupported. In the phylogenetic tree of the chloroplast gene (psbAtrnH+trnL-F+rpl32-trnL), the species of the genus chloroplast are divided into two branches, one includes A.margaritacea, A.nepalensis and A.triplinervis, and the other includes most of the species of the genus chloroplast; the phylogenetic tree, constructed by the ITS sequence, is a phylogenetic tree. Species are also clustered in two large evolutionary branches, one including A.margaritacea, A.nepalensis, A.triplinervis, A.porphyrolepis, A.virgata and A.adnata, and the other including most of the species of the genus genus; in the system tree constructed by the two genes, two species of the genus genus are nested in the Helichrysum.2 in the genus rem, and in the ITS sequence. A.adnata and A.margaritacea, A.nepalensis, A.triplinervis, A.porphyrolepis, A.virgata in the built system tree are one, and have a high support rate (BSML=96%, PP=1). Therefore, it does not support Flora of China. Near.4) the phylogenetic relationship constructed by cpDNA and the relationship between systems built by nrDNA and interspecies in the various branches are incongeny. The taxonomy of the genre in the pan Himalaya region of.3. is widely consulted through the extensive access to the flora, plant list, related websites, monographs, and primitive literature of the species in the pan Himalaya region. The collection, the textual research and the statistics, analysis and study of the more than 7100 specimens confirm the list of the herbs of the genera in the pan Himalaya region. There are 66 21 varieties of the genus vara in this area. The geographical distribution of each species of the genus vara in this area is clarified and the specimen is cited. Character analysis and comparison, the classification of the species of the genus vane was compiled. The results of macromorphology, micromorphology and molecular phylogeny were divided into two groups: I. The non lower leaf base group, including the pearlite Ser.Margaripes (DC.) Boiss. and the ball bract Ser.Nepalenses Ling; II. The leaf base deferred group, It includes the A.bulleyana of Subgen.Gnaphaliops Ling and Ser.Busuae Ling of the arachnoid system, the Ser.Virgatae Boriss. of the broom branch, the Ser.Sinicae Ling of the fragrant green system, the Ser.Oxyphyllae Ling of the sharp leaves, the subshrub Ser.Suffruticosae. The traditional division of A.margaritacea, A.nepalensis, A.triplinervis, and A.acutifolia is closely related to the molecular phylogeny, and the surface of the achenes has a mesh and a transverse rod. The phylogeny of the lower leaf base of this study is close to the study of molecular phylogeny. Branched, and the surface of the achenes has a tongue shaped protuberance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：Q949

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本文編號(hào)：1913763