本文選題：飛播物種 + 動態(tài)變化��； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究以渾善達(dá)克沙地飛播區(qū)為研究對象,連續(xù)4年對18年(1999-2015年)的飛播區(qū)的植被進(jìn)行調(diào)查。采用空間代替時間的方法,分析飛播植被演替進(jìn)程中,羊柴、白沙蒿、沙打旺、沙地榆四種飛播植物種種群的多度、蓋度、高度、生物量四個數(shù)量特征指標(biāo),飛播區(qū)群落蓋度、物種組成、生活型、多樣性的動態(tài)變化;并以恢復(fù)力綜合指數(shù)、光合功能型、群落結(jié)構(gòu)變異性探討演替進(jìn)程中群落的穩(wěn)定性,旨在揭示飛播措施下的植被恢復(fù)規(guī)律,為飛播區(qū)植被穩(wěn)定性維持提供依據(jù)。研究結(jié)果表明:1.四種飛播植物種種群數(shù)量特征指標(biāo)在渾善達(dá)克沙地飛播區(qū)演替進(jìn)程中存在明顯差異。在演替進(jìn)程中,飛播當(dāng)年除外,羊柴高度在61-118cm之間,白沙蒿高度在53-81.33cm之間,沙打旺高度在25.89-78.33cm之間;羊柴多度、蓋度、生物量于演替8a時分別達(dá)到峰值984萬株/hm2、68.33%、422.78g/m2,之后均呈下降趨勢,但種群能維持較長時間;白沙蒿、沙打旺多度均呈逐年遞減的趨勢,白沙蒿蓋度和生物量在演替3a達(dá)到峰值10.17%和126.38g/m2,沙打旺蓋度和生物量分別在演替4a和5a達(dá)到峰值12.67%和37.09g/m2,二者分別在演替11a、10a從群落中完全衰退出去;沙地榆蓋度、高度、生物量呈緩慢的波動性增加,多度在演替1-5a呈增加趨勢,在演替6-18a,基本恒定,對群落的主導(dǎo)作用逐漸增強(qiáng)。2.植被蓋度在演替1-8a由15%增至77%,9-18a逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定,約為57%。在演替進(jìn)程中,演替1-7a,群落植物種組成以一、二年生草本植物為主,演替8-18a以多年生草本為主,隨著演替時間的延長,植物種組成更加復(fù)雜化和多樣性化,更利于群落的穩(wěn)定。Partrick豐富度指數(shù)演替1-9a,由12增至55;演替10a之后,維持在30以上。Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)在演替1-10a,由2.42增至3.92;演替11a之后,變化范圍為3.14-3.90。在演替進(jìn)程中,Pielou均勻度指數(shù)波動明顯,但總體呈緩慢增加趨勢,在演替4a達(dá)到峰值1.17。3.演替2a時,恢復(fù)力綜合指數(shù)最高為2.87,演替3-11a呈遞減趨勢;其中演替9-11a,受群落競爭影響,恢復(fù)力綜合指數(shù)小于1;在演替12a之后,群落的恢復(fù)力綜合指數(shù)均大于1,群落的恢復(fù)力穩(wěn)定性較高。C3植物種數(shù)在演替1-10a由6變?yōu)?5,演替11-18a有趨于恒定的趨勢;C4植物種類在演替1-12a由2變?yōu)?3,演替13-18a趨于恒定;C4/C3比從整體演替進(jìn)程看,呈減小趨勢。飛播后演替初期C4植物種群對沙丘的穩(wěn)固起一定作用,C3植物對演替中后期群落的穩(wěn)定意義較大。演替的進(jìn)程中,演替時間相近群落間變異性系數(shù),相對較小,群落間物種成分發(fā)生"漸變式"替代,在一定程度體現(xiàn)著群落相對穩(wěn)定的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In this study, the vegetation of the aerial seeding area of Hunshandak sandy land was investigated for 4 years from 1999 to 2015.The dynamic changes of species composition, life type and diversity, and the stability of community in succession process were discussed with the comprehensive index of resilience, photosynthetic function type and community structure variability, in order to reveal the regularity of vegetation restoration under aerial seeding.To provide the basis for the maintenance of vegetation stability in the aerial seeding area.The results of the study show that 1: 1.There were significant differences in the succession process of the four aerial species populations in Hunshandake sandy land.In the succession process, except in the year of aerial seeding, the height of the sheep wood is between 61-118cm, the height of Artemisia artemisia is between 53-81.33cm, the height of Astragalus adsuriens is between 25.89-78.33cm, the degree of abundance, the degree of coverage, the degree of coverage,The biomass reached a peak value of 9.84 million plants / hm ~ (2) / m ~ (2) after 8 years of succession, and then decreased, but the population could be maintained for a long time, and the abundance of Artemisia annua and Astragalus adsurianum decreased year by year.The coverage and biomass of Artemisia mongolica reached the peak value of 10.17% and 126.38 g / m ~ (-2) in 3 years of succession, and the peak value of coverage and biomass reached 12.67% and 37.09 g / m ~ (2) in 4 years and 5 years of succession, respectively.The biomass increased slowly, the abundance increased in succession from 1 to 5 years, and remained constant in succession from 6 to 18 years, and the dominant effect on community increased gradually.The vegetation coverage gradually stabilized from 15% to 779-18 years in succession from 1 to 8 years, about 57%.In succession process, the species composition of the community was dominated by one or two years herbaceous plants, and the succession of 8-18 years was dominated by perennial herbaceous plants. With the extension of succession time, the composition of plant species became more complicated and diversified.After 10 years of succession, the diversity index of .Shannon-Wiener was maintained above 30, from 2.42 to 3.92, and after 11 years of succession, the range of variation was 3.14-3.90.During the succession process, the Pielou evenness index fluctuated obviously, but it increased slowly and reached the peak value of 1.17.3 in 4 years of succession.At 2 years of succession, the composite index of resilience was the highest 2.87, and the succession showed a decreasing trend from 3 to 11 years, in which succession was 9-11 a, affected by community competition, the comprehensive index of resilience was less than 1; after 12 years of succession, the composite index of resilience was less than 1.C _ 4 / C _ 3 ratio from the perspective of the overall succession process,The trend is decreasing.After aerial seeding, C _ 4 plant population plays a certain role in the stability of sand dunes in the early stage of succession. C _ 3 plants play a significant role in the stability of community in the middle and late stage of succession.In the process of succession, the coefficient of variation between communities is relatively small, and the species composition among communities is replaced by "gradual change", which reflects the relatively stable development of the community to a certain extent.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：Q948

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1 溫蘇雅勒圖;陶斯琴;;巴音溫都爾沙漠飛播治沙造林成效分析[J];中國林業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè);2017年01期

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本文編號：1732230