【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境之間的協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展所受到的制約主要來(lái)自于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與環(huán)境污染之間的矛盾。歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家采用了“先污染,后治理”的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式,但是實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明,對(duì)環(huán)境而言,此種發(fā)展模式并不是最優(yōu)的。各國(guó)政府要想更好的處理隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展而日漸惡化的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,就應(yīng)該選擇最優(yōu)的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式—“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”。為了處理經(jīng)濟(jì)快速增長(zhǎng)帶來(lái)的環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題,中國(guó)將“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”作為基本國(guó)策,在此基礎(chǔ)上,十七大提出了“生態(tài)文明”理念。雖然人們的環(huán)保意識(shí)逐漸增強(qiáng),環(huán)境污染治理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也逐漸提高,但是在污染的累積循環(huán)作用下,中國(guó)的環(huán)境污染形勢(shì)依然嚴(yán)峻。因此,有必要深入研究各地區(qū)不同污染物影響因素的差異,考察環(huán)境污染的共性與個(gè)性因素以及導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染的直接和間接原因,從而為不同區(qū)域環(huán)境治理提供有效的促進(jìn)措施�；诖�,本文首先分析我國(guó)大氣、水、固體廢棄物污染的變化趨勢(shì),然后利用環(huán)境污染綜合指數(shù)探討我國(guó)區(qū)域環(huán)境污染的基本情況及變化趨勢(shì);其次,運(yùn)用多重多元回歸分析模型、STIRPAT模型、方差分析等方法探討區(qū)域環(huán)境污染的主要影響因素以及這些影響因素的區(qū)域性差異。通過(guò)實(shí)證分析發(fā)現(xiàn),我國(guó)東中西部30個(gè)省市的環(huán)境污染狀況采用熵權(quán)法進(jìn)行分析得出環(huán)境污染最嚴(yán)重的10個(gè)省份中6個(gè)來(lái)自東部,中部和西部各有2個(gè),說(shuō)明我國(guó)環(huán)境污染存在區(qū)域差異;其次,東部地區(qū)和中部的環(huán)境污染綜合指數(shù)無(wú)顯著性差異,但是,環(huán)境污染綜合指數(shù)在西部與東中部之間的差異性很顯著;此外,區(qū)域環(huán)境污染會(huì)因經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)而逐漸嚴(yán)重,環(huán)保政策不能很好的控制污染排放;人口規(guī)模、科技水平和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)這三個(gè)維度影響因素的影響效果有正向影響也有負(fù)向影響,因此,在環(huán)境治理階段應(yīng)具體情況具體分析;最后,環(huán)境污染影響因素存在明顯的區(qū)域差異,并且對(duì)不同類別的污染物而言,每個(gè)影響因素的區(qū)域差異也各不相同,因此,針對(duì)特定類別的污染,政府應(yīng)該制定一些因地制宜的環(huán)保政策。
[Abstract]:The restriction of coordinated development between economy and environment mainly comes from the contradiction between economic development and environmental pollution. Developed countries such as Europe and the United States have adopted the economic model of "pollution first, then control", but practical experience shows that this development model is not optimal for the environment. If governments want to better deal with the worsening environmental problems with economic development, they should choose the optimal economic model-"sustainable development". In order to deal with the problem of environmental pollution caused by rapid economic growth, China takes "sustainable development" as its basic national policy. On this basis, the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the concept of "ecological civilization". Although people's awareness of environmental protection is gradually enhanced and the standards of environmental pollution control are also gradually improved, the situation of environmental pollution in China is still serious under the cumulative cycle of pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to study the differences of influencing factors of different pollutants in different regions, to investigate the common and individual factors of environmental pollution and the direct and indirect causes of environmental pollution. In order to provide effective measures to promote environmental governance in different regions. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the changing trend of atmospheric, water and solid waste pollution in China, and then discusses the basic situation and changing trend of regional environmental pollution in China by using the comprehensive index of environmental pollution. Secondly, multiple regression analysis model, STIRPAT model and variance analysis are used to explore the main influencing factors of regional environmental pollution and the regional differences of these factors. Through empirical analysis, it is found that 6 of the 10 provinces with the most serious environmental pollution are from the east, 2 from the middle and 2 from the west by using entropy weight method to analyze the environmental pollution in 30 provinces and cities in the east and west of China. It shows that there are regional differences in environmental pollution in China. Secondly, there is no significant difference in the comprehensive index of environmental pollution between the eastern region and the central region, but the difference between the comprehensive index of environmental pollution in the west and the central part of the east is very significant. In addition, regional environmental pollution will be gradually serious because of the level of economic development and energy consumption structure, and environmental protection policy can not control pollution emissions very well. The influence effect of the three dimensions of population size, science and technology level and industrial structure has both positive and negative effects, therefore, the specific situation should be analyzed in the stage of environmental governance. Finally, there are obvious regional differences in the influencing factors of environmental pollution, and for different categories of pollutants, the regional differences of each influencing factor are also different, so, for a specific category of pollution, The government should formulate some environmental policies adapted to local conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X321

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本文編號(hào)：2495769