【摘要】：經濟與環(huán)境之間的協調發(fā)展所受到的制約主要來自于經濟發(fā)展與環(huán)境污染之間的矛盾。歐美等發(fā)達國家采用了“先污染,后治理”的經濟模式,但是實踐經驗表明,對環(huán)境而言,此種發(fā)展模式并不是最優(yōu)的。各國政府要想更好的處理隨著經濟發(fā)展而日漸惡化的環(huán)境問題,就應該選擇最優(yōu)的經濟模式—“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”。為了處理經濟快速增長帶來的環(huán)境污染問題,中國將“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”作為基本國策,在此基礎上,十七大提出了“生態(tài)文明”理念。雖然人們的環(huán)保意識逐漸增強,環(huán)境污染治理標準也逐漸提高,但是在污染的累積循環(huán)作用下,中國的環(huán)境污染形勢依然嚴峻。因此,有必要深入研究各地區(qū)不同污染物影響因素的差異,考察環(huán)境污染的共性與個性因素以及導致環(huán)境污染的直接和間接原因,從而為不同區(qū)域環(huán)境治理提供有效的促進措施�；诖�,本文首先分析我國大氣、水、固體廢棄物污染的變化趨勢,然后利用環(huán)境污染綜合指數探討我國區(qū)域環(huán)境污染的基本情況及變化趨勢;其次,運用多重多元回歸分析模型、STIRPAT模型、方差分析等方法探討區(qū)域環(huán)境污染的主要影響因素以及這些影響因素的區(qū)域性差異。通過實證分析發(fā)現,我國東中西部30個省市的環(huán)境污染狀況采用熵權法進行分析得出環(huán)境污染最嚴重的10個省份中6個來自東部,中部和西部各有2個,說明我國環(huán)境污染存在區(qū)域差異;其次,東部地區(qū)和中部的環(huán)境污染綜合指數無顯著性差異,但是,環(huán)境污染綜合指數在西部與東中部之間的差異性很顯著;此外,區(qū)域環(huán)境污染會因經濟發(fā)展水平和能源消費結構而逐漸嚴重,環(huán)保政策不能很好的控制污染排放;人口規(guī)模、科技水平和產業(yè)結構這三個維度影響因素的影響效果有正向影響也有負向影響,因此,在環(huán)境治理階段應具體情況具體分析;最后,環(huán)境污染影響因素存在明顯的區(qū)域差異,并且對不同類別的污染物而言,每個影響因素的區(qū)域差異也各不相同,因此,針對特定類別的污染,政府應該制定一些因地制宜的環(huán)保政策。
[Abstract]:The restriction of coordinated development between economy and environment mainly comes from the contradiction between economic development and environmental pollution. Developed countries such as Europe and the United States have adopted the economic model of "pollution first, then control", but practical experience shows that this development model is not optimal for the environment. If governments want to better deal with the worsening environmental problems with economic development, they should choose the optimal economic model-"sustainable development". In order to deal with the problem of environmental pollution caused by rapid economic growth, China takes "sustainable development" as its basic national policy. On this basis, the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the concept of "ecological civilization". Although people's awareness of environmental protection is gradually enhanced and the standards of environmental pollution control are also gradually improved, the situation of environmental pollution in China is still serious under the cumulative cycle of pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to study the differences of influencing factors of different pollutants in different regions, to investigate the common and individual factors of environmental pollution and the direct and indirect causes of environmental pollution. In order to provide effective measures to promote environmental governance in different regions. Based on this, this paper first analyzes the changing trend of atmospheric, water and solid waste pollution in China, and then discusses the basic situation and changing trend of regional environmental pollution in China by using the comprehensive index of environmental pollution. Secondly, multiple regression analysis model, STIRPAT model and variance analysis are used to explore the main influencing factors of regional environmental pollution and the regional differences of these factors. Through empirical analysis, it is found that 6 of the 10 provinces with the most serious environmental pollution are from the east, 2 from the middle and 2 from the west by using entropy weight method to analyze the environmental pollution in 30 provinces and cities in the east and west of China. It shows that there are regional differences in environmental pollution in China. Secondly, there is no significant difference in the comprehensive index of environmental pollution between the eastern region and the central region, but the difference between the comprehensive index of environmental pollution in the west and the central part of the east is very significant. In addition, regional environmental pollution will be gradually serious because of the level of economic development and energy consumption structure, and environmental protection policy can not control pollution emissions very well. The influence effect of the three dimensions of population size, science and technology level and industrial structure has both positive and negative effects, therefore, the specific situation should be analyzed in the stage of environmental governance. Finally, there are obvious regional differences in the influencing factors of environmental pollution, and for different categories of pollutants, the regional differences of each influencing factor are also different, so, for a specific category of pollution, The government should formulate some environmental policies adapted to local conditions.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X321

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