靜水壓對水庫沉積物磷循環(huán)轉化微生物影響研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-15 17:55
【摘要】：水庫內源磷釋放是引發(fā)水體富營養(yǎng)化的關鍵誘因。本文針對黑河金盆水庫水體-沉積物多相界面高靜水壓特性,通過采用傳統(tǒng)平板稀釋法和先進分子生物學手段(高通量測序技術、熒光定量PCR技術)相結合的方法,基于基本理化性質分析,探討堿性磷酸酶活性、解磷菌豐度、微生物群落結構以及磷酸激酶表達量在不同靜水壓條件下的變化。旨在為水污染防治技術提供理論指導。主要結論如下:(1)不同靜水壓下微生物對多相界面磷轉化過程的影響研究結果表明:上覆水中溶解性磷酸鹽和總磷含量表現(xiàn)出未滅菌組高于滅菌組,沉積物中總磷含量表現(xiàn)出滅菌組高于未滅菌組。微生物參與磷的遷移轉化;高靜水壓條件下釋放進入上覆水的溶解性磷酸鹽和總磷含量明顯高于常壓,常壓下沉積物中總磷含量最高,隨著靜水壓的增加,沉積物中總磷含量依次減小�？梢�,0.1~1.0MPa靜水壓范圍內,高靜水壓促使沉積物表層中磷向上覆水體發(fā)生遷移轉化。通過相關性分析再次證實了內源磷釋放受到多重環(huán)境因子的影響,其中靜水壓對磷的循環(huán)轉化具有重要作用。(2)靜水壓對界面處堿性磷酸酶活性及解磷菌豐度的影響研究結果表明:高靜水壓促使沉積物中的堿性磷酸酶活性顯著增強;與常壓條件下沉積物解磷菌數(shù)量相比較,0.2MPa、0.5MPa、1.0MPa靜水壓下沉積物中解磷菌數(shù)量均有所增加,尤其是有機解磷菌數(shù)量在不同靜水壓下數(shù)量差異明顯。通過測定解磷菌解磷能力發(fā)現(xiàn),在0.1~1.0MPa靜水壓范圍內,高靜水壓下解磷菌的解磷能力明顯高于常壓;由相關性分析推斷得出高靜水壓下無機解磷菌大量增殖導致其解磷能力增強,而有機解磷菌解磷能力則依靠堿性磷酸酶水解。(3)靜水壓對界面處微生物群落結構和磷酸激酶影響研究結果表明:在目、科、屬、種水平分類上沉積物樣品中含有的微生物平均類群數(shù)、微生物多樣性均隨著靜水壓增加逐漸增加;黑河金盆水庫沉積物中的主要細菌類群為變形菌門,其次為擬桿菌門、綠彎菌門、放線菌門等水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中常見的細菌類群;靜水壓使沉積物中某些細菌的相對豐度發(fā)生規(guī)律的變化,例如:門分類水平上,放線菌門、擬桿菌門、疣微菌門表現(xiàn)了規(guī)律性,和靜水壓成響應關系;綱分類水平上,δ-變形菌綱隨著靜水壓增大呈現(xiàn)增加的趨勢,ε-變形細菌隨著靜水壓增大呈現(xiàn)減小的趨勢,等。磷酸激酶在不同靜水壓沉積物中均有表達,不同靜水壓下磷酸激酶在沉積物中的表達量從高到低依次是:0.2MPa、0.5MPa、1.0MPa、常壓。
[Abstract]:The release of endogenous phosphorus from reservoir is the key inducement of eutrophication. In view of the high hydrostatic characteristics of the water-sediment multiphase interface in the Jinpan Reservoir of Heihe River, this paper combines the traditional plate dilution method with advanced molecular biology (high-throughput sequencing technique, fluorescent quantitative PCR technique). Based on the analysis of physical and chemical properties, the changes of alkaline phosphatase activity, phosphorus releasing bacteria abundance, microbial community structure and phosphokinase expression under different hydrostatic pressure were studied. The aim is to provide theoretical guidance for water pollution prevention and control technology. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the effects of microbes on the process of phosphorus conversion at heterogeneous interface under different hydrostatic pressures showed that the contents of dissolved phosphate and total phosphorus in the overlying water were higher than those in the non-sterilized group. The total phosphorus content in sediment was higher in sterilizing group than in non-sterilized group. Microbes participate in the transport and transformation of phosphorus; The contents of dissolved phosphate and total phosphorus released into overlying water under high hydrostatic pressure were significantly higher than those in atmospheric pressure, and the total phosphorus content in sediment was the highest at normal pressure, and decreased in turn with the increase of hydrostatic pressure. In the range of 0.1~1.0MPa hydrostatic pressure, high hydrostatic pressure promoted the transport and transformation of phosphorus to the overlying water in the surface layer of sediment. The correlation analysis confirmed that the release of endogenous phosphorus was affected by multiple environmental factors. Among them, hydrostatic pressure plays an important role in phosphorus cycling. (2) the effect of hydrostatic pressure on alkaline phosphatase activity at the interface and the abundance of phosphorus releasing bacteria showed that high hydrostatic pressure significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity in sediment; Compared with the amount of phosphorus releasing bacteria in sediment under atmospheric pressure, the amount of phosphorus releasing bacteria in sediment increased under 0.2MPA ~ (0.5) MPA hydrostatic pressure, especially in organic phosphorus bacteria under different hydrostatic pressure. It was found that in the range of hydrostatic pressure of 0.1~1.0MPa, the ability of phosphorus releasing bacteria in high hydrostatic pressure was significantly higher than that in normal pressure. It was inferred from the correlation analysis that the proliferation of inorganic phosphorus releasing bacteria under high hydrostatic pressure resulted in the enhancement of phosphorus releasing ability. However, the ability of organophosphorus to dissolve phosphorus was hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase. (3) the effect of hydrostatic pressure on microbial community structure and phosphokinase at the interface showed that: in order, family, genus, The average number of microbes contained in sediment samples and the microbial diversity increased with the increase of hydrostatic pressure. The main bacterial groups in the sediments of the Jinpan Reservoir of Heihe River were Proteus, followed by Bacteroides, Chlorophyta, Actinomycetes, and other common bacteria groups in aquatic ecosystems. Hydrostatic pressure changes the relative abundance of some bacteria in sediment. For example, at the phylum classification level, actinomycetes, Bacteroides and verruca microphylum show regularity, and hydrostatic pressure is responsive; At the taxonomic level, 未-Proteus increased with the increase of hydrostatic pressure, and 蔚-Proteus decreased with the increase of hydrostatic pressure, etc. Phosphokinase was expressed in sediment with different hydrostatic pressure. The order of phosphokinase expression in sediment was 0.2MPA, 0.5MPA, 1.0MPa, and normal pressure, respectively.
【學位授予單位】：西安科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X524
本文編號：2334025
[Abstract]:The release of endogenous phosphorus from reservoir is the key inducement of eutrophication. In view of the high hydrostatic characteristics of the water-sediment multiphase interface in the Jinpan Reservoir of Heihe River, this paper combines the traditional plate dilution method with advanced molecular biology (high-throughput sequencing technique, fluorescent quantitative PCR technique). Based on the analysis of physical and chemical properties, the changes of alkaline phosphatase activity, phosphorus releasing bacteria abundance, microbial community structure and phosphokinase expression under different hydrostatic pressure were studied. The aim is to provide theoretical guidance for water pollution prevention and control technology. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the effects of microbes on the process of phosphorus conversion at heterogeneous interface under different hydrostatic pressures showed that the contents of dissolved phosphate and total phosphorus in the overlying water were higher than those in the non-sterilized group. The total phosphorus content in sediment was higher in sterilizing group than in non-sterilized group. Microbes participate in the transport and transformation of phosphorus; The contents of dissolved phosphate and total phosphorus released into overlying water under high hydrostatic pressure were significantly higher than those in atmospheric pressure, and the total phosphorus content in sediment was the highest at normal pressure, and decreased in turn with the increase of hydrostatic pressure. In the range of 0.1~1.0MPa hydrostatic pressure, high hydrostatic pressure promoted the transport and transformation of phosphorus to the overlying water in the surface layer of sediment. The correlation analysis confirmed that the release of endogenous phosphorus was affected by multiple environmental factors. Among them, hydrostatic pressure plays an important role in phosphorus cycling. (2) the effect of hydrostatic pressure on alkaline phosphatase activity at the interface and the abundance of phosphorus releasing bacteria showed that high hydrostatic pressure significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity in sediment; Compared with the amount of phosphorus releasing bacteria in sediment under atmospheric pressure, the amount of phosphorus releasing bacteria in sediment increased under 0.2MPA ~ (0.5) MPA hydrostatic pressure, especially in organic phosphorus bacteria under different hydrostatic pressure. It was found that in the range of hydrostatic pressure of 0.1~1.0MPa, the ability of phosphorus releasing bacteria in high hydrostatic pressure was significantly higher than that in normal pressure. It was inferred from the correlation analysis that the proliferation of inorganic phosphorus releasing bacteria under high hydrostatic pressure resulted in the enhancement of phosphorus releasing ability. However, the ability of organophosphorus to dissolve phosphorus was hydrolyzed by alkaline phosphatase. (3) the effect of hydrostatic pressure on microbial community structure and phosphokinase at the interface showed that: in order, family, genus, The average number of microbes contained in sediment samples and the microbial diversity increased with the increase of hydrostatic pressure. The main bacterial groups in the sediments of the Jinpan Reservoir of Heihe River were Proteus, followed by Bacteroides, Chlorophyta, Actinomycetes, and other common bacteria groups in aquatic ecosystems. Hydrostatic pressure changes the relative abundance of some bacteria in sediment. For example, at the phylum classification level, actinomycetes, Bacteroides and verruca microphylum show regularity, and hydrostatic pressure is responsive; At the taxonomic level, 未-Proteus increased with the increase of hydrostatic pressure, and 蔚-Proteus decreased with the increase of hydrostatic pressure, etc. Phosphokinase was expressed in sediment with different hydrostatic pressure. The order of phosphokinase expression in sediment was 0.2MPA, 0.5MPA, 1.0MPa, and normal pressure, respectively.
【學位授予單位】：西安科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X524
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