【摘要】：分別于2014年夏季7月和冬季12月對鄱陽湖蝶形水域的9個湖泊進(jìn)行了采樣,并對湖泊水質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)性指標(biāo)TN、TP、NH_3-N、NO_3~--N、NO_2~--N、溶解性磷酸鹽、TOC、COD_(Mn)和葉綠素a進(jìn)行了測定與分析。據(jù)此同時運用單因素評價法、均值型指數(shù)綜合評價法和營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)法對鄱陽湖蝶形水域的地表水水環(huán)境的污染現(xiàn)狀和污染程度進(jìn)行了評價,以更全面和準(zhǔn)確地反映鄱陽湖蝶形水域的水質(zhì)狀況。結(jié)果顯示:(1)鄱陽湖蝶形水域水質(zhì)總體符合GB3838-2002III類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn);(2)7月水質(zhì)總體優(yōu)于12月水質(zhì)。12月總氮含量和總磷含量基本都高于7月,葉綠素a含量除中湖池12月值略低于7月外,其它點位12月值均高于7月。7月總氮值為0.6~1.3 mg/L,總磷值為0.02~0.15 mg/L,葉綠素a為2.2~6.7 mg/L;12月總氮值為0.6~2.0 mg/L,總磷值為0.04~0.19 mg/L,葉綠素a為3.8~34.7 mg/L;(3)7月和12月水質(zhì)營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)介于中營養(yǎng)和輕度富營養(yǎng),水體主要污染物質(zhì)為總氮和總磷。7月蚌湖營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)為輕度富營養(yǎng),其它點位為中營養(yǎng),12月除常湖、梅溪湖和大汊湖營養(yǎng)狀態(tài)為中營養(yǎng),其它點位均為輕度富營養(yǎng);(4)位于南部的象湖、常湖、白沙湖和大汊湖水質(zhì)整體較其它蝶形湖泊差,主要是受到工業(yè)廢水、生活污水和農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染的贛江和饒河的污染輸入影響所致。基于以上調(diào)查測試結(jié)果提出保護(hù)和改善鄱陽湖水環(huán)境的可行性措施,以促進(jìn)鄱陽湖蝶形水域水資源的開發(fā)利用,實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)與環(huán)境及資源的協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Nine lakes in butterfly waters of Poyang Lake were sampled in summer July and December 2014, respectively, and the basic indexes of water quality of Poyang Lake, TN,TP,NH_3-N,NO_3~--N,NO_2~--N, dissolved phosphate, TOC, were sampled. COD_ (Mn) and chlorophyll a were determined and analyzed. Based on this, the pollution status and pollution degree of surface water environment in butterfly waters of Poyang Lake were evaluated by using single factor evaluation method, mean index comprehensive evaluation method and nutrition state index method at the same time. In order to reflect the water quality of butterfly water in Poyang Lake more comprehensively and accurately. The results showed that: (1) the water quality of butterfly water in Poyang Lake was in accordance with GB3838-2002III water standard; (2) the water quality in July was generally superior to that in December, the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in December were basically higher than those in July, and the chlorophyll a content was slightly lower than that in July except in the middle lake pond. In July, the total nitrogen value was 0.6? 1. 3 mg/L, total phosphorus value was 0. 02? 0. 15 mg/L, chlorophyll a was 2. 2 0. 7 mg/L;. The total nitrogen value in December was 0.6? 0. 0 mg/L, the total phosphorus value was 0. 04? 0. 19 mg/L,. Chlorophyll a was 3. 8? M 34.7 mg/L;. (3) the nutrient status of water quality in July and December was between medium nutrition and mild eutrophication, the main pollutants were total nitrogen and total phosphorus, the nutrient status of mussel lake in July was mild eutrophication, the other point was medium nutrition, except Changhu Lake in December. The nutritional status of Meixi Lake and Dachihu Lake is medium nutrition, while the other points are mildly eutrophication. (4) the water quality of Xianghu Lake, Changhu Lake, Baisha Lake and Dachihu Lake in the south is worse than that of other butterfly lakes, which is mainly caused by the pollution input of Ganjiang River and Rao River polluted by industrial wastewater, domestic sewage and agricultural non-point source pollution. Based on the above investigation and test results, the feasible measures to protect and improve the water environment of Poyang Lake are put forward in order to promote the exploitation and utilization of water resources in the butterfly waters of Poyang Lake and to realize the coordinated and sustainable development of economy, environment and resources.
【作者單位】： 南京林業(yè)大學(xué)生物與環(huán)境學(xué)院;中國科學(xué)院南京地理與湖泊研究所;江蘇省生態(tài)環(huán)境評估中心;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31270746) 江蘇省六大人才高峰(2013-JZ-014) 住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部科學(xué)技術(shù)項目計劃(2016-R2-068) 江蘇省高校優(yōu)勢學(xué)科建設(shè)工程資助項目~~
【分類號】：X824

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