【摘要】：地表徑流污染已經逐漸成為城市面源污染的重要組成部分。隨著城市化快速發(fā)展,自然下墊面逐漸被不透水材料所取代,汽車保有量的急劇增加和人類的生產生活活動,導致路面徑流含有大量有機污染物、重金屬等。其中溶解性有機質DOM(Dissolved organic matter)是有機污染物的主要組成部分。DOM中因為含有大量不飽和結構、官能團,其中包括羥基、羧基、羰基、胺基等,這些結構容易與徑流中重金屬結合發(fā)生絡合反應,改變重金屬的賦存形態(tài),從而對其遷移轉化及其生物有效性產生很大的影響。本文以北京市地表徑流為研究對象,研究城市地表徑流在冬、夏季不同功能區(qū)不同下墊面中溶解性有機質特征及其與典型重金屬的作用機制,(1)發(fā)現(xiàn)在冬季徑流中,DOC、TP、濁度普遍大于夏季,氨氮則相反,地表徑流pH值在冬、夏季分別為中性、微堿性。(2)通過運用紫外可見光光譜技術、三維熒光光譜技術對地表徑流中DOM進行定性表征。結果表明各功能區(qū)中,冬、夏季遵循綠地面積與徑流雨水中腐殖酸含量成正比的規(guī)律;冬季地表徑流DOM以陸源為主,夏季以陸源、微生物源混合為主;冬、夏季地表徑流樣品均含有4個組分,其中1種類蛋白,3種腐殖酸。最后本文通過熒光淬滅滴定實驗,研究夏季徑流雨水中DOM的不同組分與重金屬Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)之間的結合機制。研究結果顯示(1)PARAFAC將獲得的樣品都分解成2類6個不同的組分,1種腐殖酸,1種類蛋白;類蛋白物質的熒光強度與Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)的淬滅率要強于腐殖酸,而Zn~(2+)只與類蛋白淬滅;(2)通過使用二維相關同步光譜發(fā)現(xiàn)DOM對重金屬Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)的敏感性呈現(xiàn)遞減趨勢,二維相關異步光譜發(fā)現(xiàn)Cu~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Zn~(2+)會先與位于270-300nm附近類蛋白光譜帶反應。
[Abstract]:Surface runoff pollution has gradually become an important part of urban non-point source pollution. With the rapid development of urbanization, the natural underlying surface is gradually replaced by impermeable materials, the rapid increase of vehicle ownership and human life activities, resulting in a large number of road runoff organic pollutants, heavy metals and so on. Dissolved organic matter (DOM (Dissolved organic matter) is the main component of organic pollutants. DOM contains a large number of unsaturated structures, functional groups, including hydroxyl, carboxyl, carbonyl, amine, etc. These structures are easy to react with heavy metals in runoff and change the forms of heavy metals, which has a great influence on their migration, transformation and bioavailability. In this paper, the characteristics of dissolved organic matter in different underlying surfaces of different functional areas in winter and summer and its mechanism of interaction with typical heavy metals in urban surface runoff in Beijing were studied. (1) in winter runoff, DOC, was found. The turbidity of TP, is generally higher than that of summer, while ammonia nitrogen is opposite. The pH value of surface runoff is neutral and slightly alkaline in winter and summer, respectively. (2) DOM in surface runoff is characterized qualitatively by using UV-Vis spectroscopy and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. The results showed that the greenbelt area was proportional to the humic acid content in runoff Rain Water in winter and summer, and the surface runoff DOM was mainly terrestrial source in winter, land source in summer and mixed microbial source in summer. The surface runoff samples in winter and summer all contained four components, one kind of protein and three kinds of humic acid. Finally, the binding mechanism between different components of DOM and heavy metals Cu~ (2), Pb~ (2) and Zn~ (2) in summer runoff was studied by fluorescence quenching titration. The results showed that (1) the samples were decomposed into 2 groups and 6 different components, one humic acid and one kind of protein by PARAFAC. The fluorescence intensity of protein-like substances and the quenching rate of Cu~ (2) and Pb~ (2) were stronger than those of humic acid, while Zn~ (2) only quenched with protein like. (2) the sensitivity of DOM to heavy metals Cu~ (2), Pb~ (2), Zn~ (2) was decreased by using two dimensional correlation synchronous spectroscopy. Cu~ (2), Pb~ (2) were found by two dimensional correlation asynchronous spectroscopy. Zn~ (2) first reacts with the spectral band of protein-like proteins located near 270-300nm.
【學位授予單位】：北京建筑大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 張靜;周玉文;王中正;劉春;趙樹旗;李偉;;北方城市天然降雨中氨氮污染特征研究[J];環(huán)境科學與技術;2016年06期

2 趙晨;王崇臣;李俊奇;王鵬;歐佳奇;崔京蕊;;徑流雨水中不同分子量溶解性有機物分布及其與Cu~(2+)相互作用[J];環(huán)境化學;2016年04期

3 王俊嶺;王雪明;張安;張玉玉;;基于“海綿城市”理念的透水鋪裝系統(tǒng)的研究進展[J];環(huán)境工程;2015年12期

4 何小松;席北斗;張鵬;高如泰;李丹;張慧;;地下水中溶解性有機物的季節(jié)變化特征及成因[J];中國環(huán)境科學;2015年03期

5 袁宏林;鄭鵬;李星宇;王曉昌;;西安市不同下墊面路面徑流雨水中重金屬的四季污染特征[J];生態(tài)環(huán)境學報;2014年07期

6 KUANG WenHui;LIU JiYuan;ZHANG ZengXiang;LU DengSheng;XIANG Bao;;Spatiotemporal dynamics of impervious surface areas across China during the early 21st century[J];Chinese Science Bulletin;2013年14期

7 李懷恩;劉增超;秦耀民;杜光斐;董雯;;西安市融雪徑流污染特性及其與降雨徑流污染的比較[J];環(huán)境科學學報;2012年11期

8 解建光;李賀;石俊青;;路面雨水徑流重金屬賦存狀態(tài)研究[J];東南大學學報(自然科學版);2010年05期

9 ;Binding characteristics of perylene, phenanthrene and anthracene to different DOM fractions from lake water[J];Journal of Environmental Sciences;2009年04期

10 何亮;;主成分分析在SPSS中的應用[J];山西農業(yè)大學學報;2007年S1期

相關碩士學位論文 前6條

1 石安邦;城市地表顆粒物重金屬污染特性研究[D];北京建筑大學;2015年

2 崔駿;新型多介質生態(tài)護坡技術研制及其對水中典型污染物的影響[D];北京建筑大學;2015年

3 聞麗;白洋淀植物腐解DOM特性及其與重金屬相互作用的研究[D];北京化工大學;2014年

4 施國飛;昆明市城市住宅小區(qū)徑流雨水水質特性及資源化利用研究[D];昆明理工大學;2013年

5 于姍姍;校園雨水徑流污染特征及利用研究[D];北京交通大學;2010年

6 汪明明;北京城區(qū)東南部降雨與徑流水質分析與評價[D];北京工業(yè)大學;2004年

，

本文編號：2326967