【摘要】：三峽水庫蓄水后,多年來眾多支流水華頻發(fā)引起廣泛關(guān)注。為研究春季三峽庫區(qū)不同區(qū)域典型支流特征及水華的差異性,選取小江、大寧河、香溪河為研究對象,于2015年春季對三條支流進行監(jiān)測與分析。結(jié)果表明:三條支流回水區(qū)長度與寬度有所區(qū)別,小江、大寧河、香溪河的蜿蜒度分別為2.151、1.384、1.126;長江干流水體以表層倒灌潛入小江,以中上層倒灌潛入大寧河,由中層倒灌潛入香溪河,越靠近庫首,其倒灌影響距離相對越遠,分別占研究回水范圍的61.9%、69.2%和80.7%;溫躍層梯度逐漸減小,水溫呈現(xiàn)不同的層化結(jié)構(gòu),回水區(qū)上游水溫較下游高;三條支流的光混比變化規(guī)律相似,水體中的總氮、總磷含量能夠為藻類生長提供豐富的營養(yǎng)條件;春季水華的優(yōu)勢藻種及各優(yōu)勢種的分布區(qū)域有所不同,回水區(qū)上游更易暴發(fā)高強度水華,小江水華優(yōu)勢種主要包括藍藻、綠藻、甲藻、硅藻;大寧河多發(fā)生以綠藻為優(yōu)勢藻種的水華,偶爾伴有甲藻、硅藻和隱藻水華,香溪河春季優(yōu)勢共存的水華類型較多見,多發(fā)生硅藻、甲藻水華,有時出現(xiàn)綠藻水華。倒灌異重流是三條支流水華暴發(fā)呈現(xiàn)分區(qū)的主要原因,水溫及水動力條件差異是造成三條典型支流水華優(yōu)勢藻種存在差異的主要因素。
[Abstract]:After the three Gorges Reservoir impoundment, many tributaries Shui Hua frequent over the years caused widespread concern. In order to study the characteristics of typical tributaries and the differences of Shui Hua in different regions of the three Gorges Reservoir area in spring, three tributaries were monitored and analyzed in the spring of 2015 by selecting Xiaojiang, Daning River and Xiangxi River as the research objects. The results show that the length and width of the backwater area of the three tributaries are different. The meandering degree of the Xiaojiang River, the Danning River and the Xiangxi River is 2.151 ~ 1.384 ~ 1.126; The water body of the main stream of the Yangtze River sneaks into the Xiaojiang River by the surface layer, the water body of the Yangtze River by the upper-middle layer, and the Xiangxi River by the middle layer. The closer the Yangtze River reaches to the head of the reservoir, the farther the impact of the backwater is, which accounts for 61.9 percent of the range of the study of the return water, respectively. 69.2% and 80.7%; The gradient of thermocline decreases gradually, the water temperature presents different stratification structure, the upstream water temperature of backwater area is higher than that of downstream, the light mixing ratio of the three tributaries is similar, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus content in the water can provide abundant nutrition conditions for algae growth. Shui Hua's dominant algae species and the distribution regions of each dominant species are different in spring. The upper reaches of backwater area are more prone to outbreak of high-intensity Shui Hua, and the dominant species of Xiaojiang water bloom mainly include cyanobacteria, chlorophyta, pyrophyta and diatom. Shui Hua, whose dominant species is Chlorophyta, occasionally accompanied by Pyrophyta, diatom and Cryptoplank1#, and Shui Hua, which coexisted in the Xiangxi River in spring. The main cause of Shui Hua outbreak in three tributaries was the reflux, and the difference of water temperature and hydrodynamic condition was the main factor that caused the difference of the dominant algae species in three typical tributaries, Shui Hua.
【作者單位】： 三峽大學(xué)水利與環(huán)境學(xué)院;湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)河湖生態(tài)修復(fù)與藻類利用湖北省重點實驗室;
【基金】：國家重點基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計劃(2014CB460601) 國家科技合作與交流專項(2014DFE70070) 國家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金(51509086) 水體污染控制與治理科技重大專項(2014ZX07104-005-01、2014ZX07104-005-02)~~
【分類號】：X524

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