【摘要】：染料工業(yè)排放的廢水一直都是國(guó)內(nèi)外難處理的工業(yè)廢水之一,對(duì)環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重,吸附法因其具有較高的選擇性,成本低廉而受到關(guān)注,但吸附染料后的廢棄吸附劑如何處理再生,成為國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的重點(diǎn)。水滑石,又稱層柱狀雙金屬氫氧化物(Layered double hydroxide,簡(jiǎn)稱LDH),因其特有的記憶效應(yīng)和層板陰離子的可交換性使其在吸附染料的廢棄吸附劑的再利用方面展現(xiàn)出廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本文用吸附剛果紅的鎂鋁水滑石和磁性鎂鋁水滑石合成并表征了兩種金屬氧化物/碳復(fù)合材料,選取三種重金屬污染物作為研究對(duì)象,并采用靜態(tài)的批次平衡實(shí)驗(yàn)研究其吸附性能,研究結(jié)果如下:采用低飽和共沉淀法制備了鎂鋁水滑石(Mg/Al-LDH)和磁性鎂鋁水滑石(Fe_3O_4@LDH),加入剛果紅染料至吸附飽和得到廢棄水滑石,經(jīng)高溫焙燒后得到LDO/C和Fe_3O_4@LDO/C復(fù)合材料,并進(jìn)行了FTIR、XRD、SEM、TG、EDS和BET等表征,結(jié)果表明合成的復(fù)合材料具有Mg(Al)O和C的特征衍射峰,Fe_3O_4@LDO/C復(fù)合材料還具有Fe_3O_4的特征衍射峰,將LDO/C和Fe_3O_4@LDO/C復(fù)合材料分散在水中后,由于其“記憶效應(yīng)”又恢復(fù)原有的水滑石結(jié)構(gòu),出現(xiàn)鎂鋁水滑石特征衍射峰。LDO/C復(fù)合材料對(duì)重金屬Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,該復(fù)合材料對(duì)三種重金屬的吸附效果良好,最佳吸附用量為0.05 g,吸附平衡時(shí)間分別為300 min、60 min和500 min,吸附速率大小順序?yàn)镻b~(2+)Cu~(2+)Cd~(2+),吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)均符合顆粒擴(kuò)散模型,同時(shí)也符合擬二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。LDO/C復(fù)合材料吸附Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)的過程均符合Langmuir模型,吸附Pb~(2+)的過程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等溫線模型,最大吸附容量分別可達(dá)13.64 mmol/g(Cu~(2+))、15.72 mmol/g(Cd~(2+))和10.31 mmol/g(Pb~(2+))。Fe_3O_4@LDO/C復(fù)合材料對(duì)重金屬Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,該復(fù)合材料對(duì)三種重金屬的吸附效果良好,吸附能力明顯高于Fe_3O_4@LDH和吸附完染料后的廢棄磁性水滑石。Fe_3O_4@LDO/C復(fù)合材料對(duì)重金屬Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)和Pb~(2+)的吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)均符合顆粒擴(kuò)散模型,同時(shí)也符合擬二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。吸附等溫線均符合Langmuir模型,吸附容量分別達(dá)3.96 mmol/g(Cu~(2+))、4.76 mmol/g(Cd~(2+))和1.86 mmol/g(Pb~(2+)),且吸附劑能夠通過磁分離技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)固液的快速分離。
[Abstract]:The wastewater discharged by dye industry has been one of the refractory industrial wastewater at home and abroad, and has caused serious environmental pollution. Adsorption method has attracted much attention because of its high selectivity and low cost. However, how to treat and regenerate the waste adsorbent after dye adsorption has become the focus of research at home and abroad. Hydrotalcite, also known as layered bimetallic hydroxide (Layered double hydroxide,), has a broad application prospect in the reuse of waste adsorbent for dye adsorption because of its special memory effect and exchangeability of laminate anions. In this paper, two kinds of metal oxide / carbon composites were synthesized and characterized by magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite and magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite adsorbed on Congo red. Three kinds of heavy metal pollutants were selected as research objects. The adsorption properties of magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite (Mg/Al-LDH) and magnetic magnesia-aluminum-hydrotalcite (Fe_3O_4@LDH) were studied by static batch equilibrium test. The results are as follows: (1) magnesia-aluminum hydrotalcite (Mg/Al-LDH) and magnesia-aluminum hydrotalcite (Fe_3O_4@LDH) were prepared by low saturation coprecipitation method. The waste hydrotalcite was obtained by adding Congo red dye to adsorption saturation. LDO/C and Fe_3O_4@LDO/C composites were obtained by calcination at high temperature and characterized by FTIR,XRD,SEM,TG,EDS and BET. The results show that the synthesized composites have the characteristic diffraction peaks of Mg (Al) O and C, and the Fe_3O_4@LDO/C composites have the characteristic diffraction peaks of Fe_3O_4. When the LDO/C and Fe_3O_4@LDO/C composites were dispersed in water, the characteristic diffraction peaks of MgAl hydrotalcite appeared due to its "memory effect". The adsorption experiments of Cd~ (2) and Pb~ (2) show that the composite has a good adsorption effect on the three heavy metals. The optimum adsorption dosage is 0. 05 g and the adsorption equilibrium time is 300 min,60 min and 500 min, respectively. The adsorption rate was in the order of Pb~ (2) Cu~ (2) Cd~ (2), and the adsorption kinetic data were in accordance with the particle diffusion model. The process of adsorption of Cu~ (2) and Cd~ (2) of LDO/C composite is in accordance with Langmuir model, and the process of adsorption of Pb~ (2) accords with the isotherm model of Langmuir and Freundlich. The maximum adsorption capacity was 13.64 mmol/g (Cu~ (2), 15.72 mmol/g (Cd~ (2) and 10.31 mmol/g (Pb~ (2). Fe_3O_4@LDO/C) for Cu~ (2), respectively. The adsorption experiments of Cd~ (2) and Pb~ (2) show that the composite has good adsorption effect on three heavy metals. The adsorption capacity of Fe_3O_4@LDO/C composite was significantly higher than that of Fe_3O_4@LDH and waste magnetic hydrotalcite after dye adsorption. The adsorption kinetic data of Cd~ (2) and Pb~ (2) are in accordance with the particle diffusion model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption isotherms accord with the Langmuir model, and the adsorption capacities are 3.96 mmol/g (Cu~ (2), 4.76 mmol/g (Cd~ (2) and 1.86 mmol/g (Pb~ (2), respectively. And the adsorbent can realize the rapid separation of solid and liquid by magnetic separation technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟(jì)南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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本文編號(hào)：2295788