發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-25 15:32

【摘要】：為了解春節(jié)期間煙花爆竹燃放對(duì)北京大氣污染物和PM_(2.5)中水溶性無機(jī)離子貢獻(xiàn)的影響,采用濃度特征對(duì)比、相關(guān)性分析等方法,對(duì)2011年2月1日—3月1日期間的PM_(10)、氣態(tài)污染物、PM_(2.5)中水溶性無機(jī)離子濃度等在線數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析.結(jié)果表明:煙花爆竹的燃放會(huì)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)加重PM_(10)顆粒物污染,集中燃放期(含除夕、春節(jié)、正月初五、元宵節(jié))ρ(PM_(10))和φ(SO_2)(分別為232μg/m~3和40.2×10~(-9))是非集中燃放期(63μg/m~3和16.0×10~(-9))的3.7和2.5倍,燃放煙花爆竹對(duì)ρ(PM_(10))和φ(SO_2)的小時(shí)貢獻(xiàn)率分別達(dá)到56.8%和35.6%;但對(duì)φ(CO)、φ(NO)、φ(NO2)無顯著影響.而觀測期間由其他因素導(dǎo)致的污染期ρ(PM_(10))和各氣態(tài)污染物小時(shí)體積分?jǐn)?shù)有所增加,分別是非集中燃放期的3.0~8.3倍.燃放煙花爆竹對(duì)PM_(2.5)中ρ(Mg~(2+))、ρ(K~+)、ρ(Cl~-)的影響最大,分別為非集中燃放期的65.0、31.6、6.9倍,貢獻(xiàn)率分別為88.6%、87.2%、65.8%.ρ(Mg~(2+))、ρ(K~+)與ρ(Cl~-)在集中燃放期表現(xiàn)出較高的相關(guān)性(R0.9).污染期ρ(SO_4~(2-))、ρ(NO_3~-)、ρ(NH_4~+)明顯升高,分別為非集中燃放期的3.8、16.4、8.3倍,同時(shí)高于集中燃放期(分別為2.7、2.5、2.1倍).集中燃放期PM_(2.5)中主要以NH_4HSO_4、NH_4NO_3、KNO_3、KCl、NH_4Cl、MgCl_2等形式存在.集中燃放期硫氧化物轉(zhuǎn)化率(SOR)高于非集中燃放期和污染期,而氮氧化物轉(zhuǎn)化率(NOR)則是污染期最高.研究顯示,燃放煙花爆竹對(duì)ρ(PM_(10))及PM_(2.5)中ρ(Mg~(2+))、ρ(K~+)、ρ(Cl~-)影響最大,污染期各離子濃度均有大幅升高,NOR在污染期的高值是導(dǎo)致ρ(NO_3~-)升高的重要原因.
[Abstract]:In order to understand the effect of fireworks and firecrackers on the contribution of atmospheric pollutants and water-soluble inorganic ions in PM_ _ (2.5) in Beijing during the Spring Festival, concentration characteristics were compared and correlation analysis was used. The online data of PM_ (10), gaseous pollutants and water soluble inorganic ions in PM_ (2.5) from February 1 to March 1, 2011 were analyzed. The results showed that the discharge of fireworks and firecrackers would aggravate the pollution of PM_ (10) particles in a short time. The concentration discharge period (including New Year's Eve, Spring Festival, the fifth day of the first month, the Lantern Festival) 蟻 (PM_ (10) and 蠁 (SO_2) (232 渭 g/m~3 and 40.2 脳 10 ~ (-9) were 3.7 and 2.5 times higher than those of the non-centralized discharge periods (63 渭 g/m~3 and 16.0 脳 10 ~ (-9), respectively). The contribution rates of fireworks to 蟻 (PM_ (10) and 蠁 (SO_2) reached 56.8% and 35.6%, respectively, but had no significant effect on 蠁 (CO), 蠁 (NO), 蠁 (NO2). During the observed period, 蟻 (PM_ _ (10) and the hourly volume fraction of each gaseous pollutant increased, which were 3. 0 ~ 8. 3 times as much as that of the non-concentrated discharge period, respectively. The effect of setting off fireworks on 蟻 (Mg~ (2), 蟻 (K~), 蟻 (Cl~-) in PM_ _ (2. 5) was the greatest, which was 65.0 / 31.66.9 times of that of non-concentrated discharge period, respectively, and the contribution rate was 87.2 / 65.8. 蟻 (Mg~ (2), 蟻 (K~) and 蟻 (Cl~-) showed a higher correlation (R0.9) in the concentrated discharge period. The SO_4~ (2-), 蟻 (NO_3~-), 蟻 (NH_4~) in the pollution period was significantly higher than that in the non-centralized ignition stage, which was 8.3 times higher than that in the non-centralized ignition stage, and was higher than that in the centralized ignition period (2.7g / 2.52.1g, respectively). PM_ (2. 5) mainly exists in the form of NH_4HSO_4,NH_4NO_3,KNO_3,KCl,NH_4Cl,MgCl_2. The sulfur oxide conversion rate (SOR) in the concentrated combustion stage was higher than that in the non-centralized combustion stage and the pollution stage, while the nitrogen oxide conversion rate (NOR) was the highest in the pollution period. The results showed that the discharge of fireworks and firecrackers had the greatest influence on 蟻 (Mg~ (2), 蟻 (K ~), 蟻 (Cl~-) in 蟻 (PM_ (10) and PM_ (2.5), and the concentration of each ion increased significantly in the pollution period. The high value of NOR in the pollution period was the important reason for the increase of 蟻 (NO_3~-).
【作者單位】： 中國海洋大學(xué)海洋與大氣學(xué)院;中國環(huán)境科學(xué)研究院環(huán)境基準(zhǔn)與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國家“十三五”科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014BAC23B01;2014BAC06B01)
【分類號(hào)】：X513

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