【摘要】：我國食用菌產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展快速且規(guī)模龐大,然而,產(chǎn)生的大量菌糠得不到及時(shí)處理,會給食用菌產(chǎn)地造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染。通過微生物堆肥腐熟發(fā)酵處理食用菌菌糠,成為解決這一問題的主要方法之一。由于傳統(tǒng)堆肥存在發(fā)酵耗時(shí)長、難腐熟、肥效低等特點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn),難以大規(guī)模進(jìn)行;現(xiàn)代堆肥腐熟發(fā)酵工藝一般在發(fā)酵過程中添加微生物菌劑,可顯著縮短堆肥時(shí)間,有效提高終產(chǎn)物的品質(zhì)。因此,本研究開展了菌糠腐熟菌株分離鑒定及其腐熟過程的動態(tài)研究,研究結(jié)果如下:(1)分離鑒定了3株耐熱高效腐熟菌,通過16S rDNA序列分析,確定三株菌分別為Bacillus sp.YSJ-1、Bacillus sp.YSJ-2、PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3。當(dāng)紅糖、氯化鈣分別作為碳源和無機(jī)鹽時(shí),Bacillus sp.YSJ-1的活菌數(shù)最多和產(chǎn)芽孢效果最好;當(dāng)蔗糖、碳酸鈣+磷酸二氫鉀分別作為碳源和無機(jī)鹽時(shí),Bacillus sp.YSJ-2的活菌數(shù)最多和產(chǎn)芽孢效果最好;當(dāng)菌糠、硫酸鎂分別作為腐熟菌PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3的碳源和無機(jī)鹽時(shí),其活菌數(shù)最多和產(chǎn)芽孢效果最好。(2)優(yōu)化了3株耐熱高效腐熟菌菌劑制備條件。選取70℃作為腐熟菌Bacillus sp.YSJ-1、Bacillus sp.YSJ-2和PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3三株菌劑的最適干燥溫度;菌液最適pH分別為8.0、7.0、8.0。當(dāng)培養(yǎng)液作保護(hù)劑時(shí),對3種菌劑有效活菌數(shù)有明顯促進(jìn)作用。選取3h作為3種菌劑的最佳干燥時(shí)間。(3)以菌糠為底物,分別加入Bacillus sp.YSJ-1、Bacillus sp.YSJ-2和PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3菌進(jìn)行堆肥發(fā)酵。堆肥溫度最高達(dá)到53.3℃、49.1℃、50.6℃,分別比初始溫度提高了45.2%、50.6%、40.6%。最終pH值7.1、7.31、7.13。TOC(Total Organic Carbon)含量分別為706.34g/kg、707.52g/kg、709.38g/kg。全氮含量為24.94g/kg、24.69g/kg、24.09g/kg,分別比堆肥前提高了43.09%、43.79%、33.6%。C/N分別為28.32、28.66、29.44。速效磷分別為480.55mg/kg、472.96mg/kg、486.73mg/kg,分別比初始值提高了37.52%、40.95%、39.94%。速效鉀最終的含量分別為21579.85mg/kg、20476.06mg/kg、21037.61mg/kg,分別提高了34.69%、26.99%、33.52%。總養(yǎng)分含量分別是51.92g/kg、50.34g/kg、50.45g/kg,達(dá)到NY 525-2012有機(jī)肥料行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。上述各指標(biāo),實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組間存在顯著差異(P0.05);重金屬Cu、Zn含量都遠(yuǎn)低于土壤環(huán)境質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的一級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,Fe含量符合歐洲標(biāo)準(zhǔn),As、Hg、Cd、Cr、Pb的含量也是遠(yuǎn)低于NY525-2012有機(jī)肥標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組比空白對照組的發(fā)芽率分別提高了20%、18%、19.33%,實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對照組存在顯著差異(P0.05)。(4)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在金針菇菌糠中接入腐熟菌Bacillus sp.YSJ-1、Bacillus sp.YSJ-2、PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3菌進(jìn)行堆肥發(fā)酵,堆肥后的菌糠理化性質(zhì)符合NY 525-2012有機(jī)肥料行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。所以通過堆肥腐熟發(fā)酵制備有機(jī)肥是可行的。
[Abstract]:The edible fungus industry in China is developing rapidly and on a large scale. However, the large amount of mushroom bran produced can not be treated in time, which will cause serious environmental pollution to the edible fungus producing area. It is one of the main methods to solve this problem by microbial composting and mature fermentation to treat edible fungus bran. Because the traditional composting has the characteristics of long fermentation time, hard to rot, low fertilizer efficiency and so on, it is difficult to carry out on a large scale, and the modern composting fermentation technology generally adds microbial bacteria in the fermentation process, which can significantly shorten the composting time. Improve the quality of the final product effectively. The results are as follows: (1) three heat-resistant and high-efficiency rotting bacteria were isolated and identified. By 16s rDNA sequence analysis, three strains were identified as Bacillus sp.YSJ-1,Bacillus sp.YSJ-2,PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3.. When brown sugar and calcium chloride were used as carbon source and inorganic salt respectively, the number of live bacteria and the effect of producing spores of Bacillus sp.YSJ-1 were the best, while when sucrose and potassium dihydrogen carbonate were used as carbon source and inorganic salt, Bacillus sp.YSJ-2 had the best number of live bacteria and the best effect of producing spores. When the bran and magnesium sulfate were used as carbon source and inorganic salt of PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3, the number of viable bacteria was the most and the effect of spores production was the best. (2) the preparation conditions of three heat-resistant and high-efficient mature bacteria were optimized. The optimum drying temperature of Bacillus sp.YSJ-1,Bacillus sp.YSJ-2 and PaeniBacillus sp.YSJ-3 was 70 鈩，

本文編號：2293994