【摘要】：地表水中氮磷導(dǎo)致的富營養(yǎng)化和地下水硝酸鹽超標(biāo)是環(huán)境中的兩大問題。對此,本文以秸稈生物炭為吸附劑和碳源,開展了對二級出水和地下水脫氮效果研究。研究內(nèi)容為秸稈生物炭作為吸附劑對廢水中氨氮和硝態(tài)氮的吸附效果、生物炭作為反硝化碳源去除二級出水中硝態(tài)氮以及地下水中常見離子對生物炭在地下水脫氮應(yīng)用中的影響。通過一系列的研究得出以下結(jié)論:(1)通過顆粒與粉末生物炭對廢水中氨氮和硝態(tài)氮吸附差異研究,得出顆粒生物炭對氨氮的吸附效果優(yōu)于粉末生物炭,但兩者對硝態(tài)氮的吸附不明顯,且會產(chǎn)生一定量的NO3--N。粉末生物炭通過FeCl3和CaCl2改性后,可以有效的吸附硝態(tài)氮,且FeCl3改性效果優(yōu)于CaCl2改性效果。(2)未改性的粉末和顆粒生物炭對氨氮吸附的吸附等溫線符合Freundich吸附模型;未改性的粉末生物炭對氨氮吸附的吸附動力學(xué)符合準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)方程,未改性的顆粒生物炭對氨氮吸附的吸附動力學(xué)符合準(zhǔn)一級動力學(xué)方程。改性后的粉末生物炭對硝態(tài)氮吸附的吸附等溫線符合Langmuir吸附模型,動力學(xué)方程符合準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)方程。(3)改性粉末生物炭對二級出水中的硝態(tài)氮(17.5mg/L)、氨氮(5.0mg/L)和總磷(2.9mg/L)有很好的吸附效果。FeCl3改性粉末生物炭對硝態(tài)氮、氨氮和總磷的去除率分別為54.40%、31.75%和80.25%,CaCl2改性粉末生物炭對硝態(tài)氮、氨氮和總磷的去除率分別為41.18%、26.46%和30.18%。(4)通過從中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)污水處理站分離得到三種反硝化細(xì)菌WS、PYS、YS,且均屬于Pseudomonas.,通過反硝化菌反硝化能力實驗得出反硝化效果最佳的是PYS。以PYS為反硝化菌,顆粒生物炭為反硝化碳源和填料,應(yīng)用于二級出水中去除硝態(tài)氮的搖床實驗和連續(xù)實驗中,均得到很好的反硝化效果,且無亞硝態(tài)氮的累積。(5)通過地下水中常見離子對顆粒生物炭去除地下水硝態(tài)氮的影響實驗,結(jié)果顯示離子類型及濃度影響硝酸鹽去除的效果。其中,SO42-具有明顯的抑制作用,且造成大量的亞硝酸鹽累積;Ca2+、Na+、HCO3-均處于促進(jìn)作用,但濃度越低促進(jìn)效果越明顯;Cl-在高濃度(600 mg/L)時為抑制作用,在低濃度時為促進(jìn)作用,且濃度越低促進(jìn)效果越好。
[Abstract]:Eutrophication caused by nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water and nitrate in groundwater are two major problems in the environment. In this paper, the nitrogen removal effect of secondary effluent and groundwater was studied with straw biochar as adsorbent and carbon source. The adsorption effect of straw biochar on ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in wastewater was studied. Removal of nitrate nitrogen from secondary effluent by biochar as a carbon source for denitrification and the effects of common ions in groundwater on the application of biochar in denitrification of groundwater. Through a series of studies, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) the adsorption effect of granular biochar on ammonia-nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in wastewater is better than that of powdered biochar through the study of the difference of adsorption of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen between granular and powdered biochar. But the adsorption of nitrate nitrogen is not obvious, and a certain amount of NO3--N. will be produced. After modified by FeCl3 and CaCl2, powder biochar can effectively adsorb nitrate nitrogen, and the modification effect of FeCl3 is better than that of CaCl2. (2) the adsorption isotherm of ammonia nitrogen adsorbed by unmodified powder and granular biochar accords with Freundich adsorption model. The adsorption kinetics of unmodified powder biochar accords with quasi second order kinetic equation, while that of unmodified granular biochar accords with quasi first order kinetic equation. The adsorption isotherm of the modified powder biochar for nitrate nitrogen is in accordance with the Langmuir adsorption model. The kinetic equation accords with the quasi second-order kinetic equation. (3) modified powdered biochar has a good adsorption effect on nitrate nitrogen (17.5mg/L), ammonia nitrogen (5.0mg/L) and total phosphorus (2.9mg/L) in secondary effluent. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were 54.40% and 80.25% respectively. The removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus were 41.18% and 30.18% respectively. (4) three denitrifying bacteria (WS,PYS,YS,) were isolated from wastewater treatment station of China University of Mining and Technology and all belong to Pseudomonas.,. Through denitrification ability experiment of denitrifying bacteria, the best denitrification effect was obtained by PYS.. Using PYS as denitrifying bacteria and granular biochar as carbon source and filler for denitrification, a good denitrification effect was obtained in the shaking bed experiment and continuous experiment of removing nitrate nitrogen in secondary effluent. And no accumulation of nitrite nitrogen. (5) the effects of common ions in groundwater on the removal of nitrate nitrogen from groundwater by granular biochar were studied. The results showed that the type and concentration of ions affected the effect of nitrate removal. So _ 42- had obvious inhibitory effect, and caused a large amount of nitrite to accumulate Ca ~ (2 +) ~ (2 +) Na ~ (2 +) HCO3-, but the lower the concentration, the more obvious the inhibitory effect was at high concentration (600 mg/L), and the latter at low concentration. And the lower the concentration, the better the promotion effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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