東江高風險支流污染特征分析和人工濕地處理效果研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-01 05:18
【摘要】：東江作為飲用水源型河流,承擔著供給廣東省及香港地區(qū)約4000萬人生產(chǎn)及生活用水的任務,其水質(zhì)安全至關重要。高埔小河是東江上游高風險支流,該流域發(fā)展快速,工業(yè)密集,農(nóng)田村鎮(zhèn)交錯,污水管網(wǎng)配套不完善,使得部分生產(chǎn)生活污水直接排入河中。此外,降雨徑流作為非點源污染,攜帶大量地表污染物及農(nóng)田殘留農(nóng)藥進入水體,對高埔小河造成嚴重污染,進而影響東江水質(zhì)安全。本研究以高埔小河為研究對象,對氮磷等常規(guī)污染物指標及阿特拉津、乙氧喹、異丙甲草胺、抗蚜威、戊唑醇、咖啡因和避蚊胺七種痕量有機污染物指標開展為期一年的監(jiān)測,分析污染物的時空分布特征,對高埔小河流域進行水質(zhì)風險評價。選取商住混合區(qū)、農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)和工業(yè)區(qū)三個典型功能區(qū)的降雨徑流進行監(jiān)測,分析污染物分布特征,估算降雨徑流入河年污染負荷,研究降雨徑流對高埔小河污染物的貢獻量。采用“組合填料床+波形潛流人工濕地”組合工藝對高埔小河重污染支流河水進行異位生態(tài)修復,研究組合工藝對黑臭水體的處理效果。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)高埔小河流域常規(guī)污染物濃度受季節(jié)和水文期的影響較大。CODCr、TN和TP指標均出現(xiàn)枯水期濃度高,豐水期濃度低的現(xiàn)象;溶解氧則是冬季濃度高夏季濃度低。各斷面污染物濃度隨水流方向呈上升趨勢,分析高埔小河干流常規(guī)污染物的主要污染源是上游農(nóng)田徑流匯水、中游支流匯水和下游污水廠排水。全年TN和TP(除六月份)的檢測值均超過地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量標準(GB3838-2002)III類標準,部分檢測點CODCr濃度超出III類標準值。采用單因子污染指數(shù)和多因子加權(quán)指數(shù)模型分析結(jié)果顯示高埔小河支流為典型黑臭水體。痕量有機污染物4月前后和8月前后逢作物種植周期濃度較高,枯水期濃度較豐水期的高;上游農(nóng)田區(qū)的降雨徑流和中游支流污水的匯入導致污染物濃度逐漸升高,河流水體生物對痕量有機污染物的降解作用不明顯;到污水廠排水口下游,由于污水廠排水的稀釋作用,痕量有機污染物濃度下降。采用RQ商值法對痕量有機污染物進行生態(tài)風險評價,結(jié)果表明,七種痕量有機污染物均在環(huán)境可接受風險(RQ1)的范圍內(nèi),其中,中等風險(0.1RQ1)的污染物有阿特拉津、抗蚜威和戊唑醇,低風險(0.01RQ0.1)的污染物有乙氧喹和異丙甲草胺,無風險(RQ0.01)的是咖啡因和避蚊胺。(2)降雨徑流中常規(guī)污染物濃度較高,商住混合區(qū)TN濃度最高,農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)CODCr、TP和SS的濃度最高。工業(yè)區(qū)由于管網(wǎng)設施完善,地面及時清掃,降雨徑流中常規(guī)污染物濃度均較低。痕量有機污染物除咖啡因在農(nóng)田區(qū)未檢出外,在三個功能區(qū)降雨徑流中均有檢出,且濃度變化范圍較大。其分布特征受農(nóng)藥使用、下墊面及降雨參數(shù)等影響。農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)檢測的痕量有機污染物總量最大,其次是工業(yè)區(qū),商住混合區(qū)的降雨徑流中咖啡因濃度最高。(3)高埔小河流域年污染負荷估算結(jié)果為,CODCr年污染負荷最高,達到401448.42kg,TN和TP分別為41466.53kg和5011.23kg。七種痕量有機污染物中,乙氧喹和異丙甲草胺的年負荷最高,分別是444.38g和534.93g。降雨徑流作為典型的非點源污染,對高埔小河的污染物貢獻量大,應該引起足夠的重視,及時采取管控措施,完善管網(wǎng)設施,減少化學農(nóng)藥的使用,改用無毒的生物農(nóng)藥代替,從源頭降低河流污染風險。(4)組合工藝對污染物去除效果較好,兩組濕地TP去除率都很高,分別為79.66%和79.65%,CODCr去除率為66.74%和72.50%。兩組濕地出水CODCr和TP均能實現(xiàn)將河水從劣V類水質(zhì)提升到地表水IV類的目標。TN的去除率分別為52.04%和45.21%,出水平均濃度較高。檢測期間正值冬季,溫度較低,微生物和植物的活性較低,導致去除效果不能達到最佳狀態(tài)。本課題分析高埔小河流域水體及降雨徑流中的污染特征,解析污染來源,為河流管理與生態(tài)修復提供科學依據(jù)。研究了“組合填料床+波形潛流人工濕地”處理重污染河水的效果,為我國河流黑臭水體的生態(tài)修復治理提供一定的參考。
[Abstract]:As a source of drinking water, the Dongjiang River undertakes the task of supplying about 40 million people with water for production and living in Guangdong and Hong Kong. Its water quality is very important. In addition, rainfall runoff, as a non-point source of pollution, carries a large number of surface pollutants and pesticide residues into the water body, causing serious pollution to Gaopu River, thereby affecting the water quality and safety of Dongjiang River. Seven trace organic pollutants including oxamide, carbamazole, pentazole, caffeine and mosquito repellent amine were monitored for one year. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of pollutants were analyzed and the water quality risk assessment was carried out in Gaopu small river basin. Distribution characteristics, estimation of the annual pollution load of rainfall runoff into the river, study on the contribution of rainfall runoff to pollutants in Gaopu small river, adopt "combined packed bed + waveform subsurface flow constructed wetland" combination technology to carry out heterotopic ecological restoration of the heavily polluted tributary river water of Gaopu small river, and study the treatment effect of combined technology on black and odorous water. The results are as follows: (1) The concentration of conventional pollutants in Gaopu small river basin is greatly influenced by season and hydrological period. The CODCr, TN and TP indexes are high in dry season and low in wet season, while the dissolved oxygen is high in winter and low in summer. The main pollution sources are the runoff catchment of the upper reaches of farmland, the catchment of the middle reaches of tributaries and the drainage of the sewage treatment plants in the lower reaches. The results show that the tributaries of Gaopu River are typical black and odorous water bodies. The concentrations of trace organic pollutants are higher in crop planting cycles around April and August, and higher in dry season than in wet season. The concentration of trace organic pollutants decreased due to the dilution of sewage from the sewage treatment plant. The ecological risk assessment of trace organic pollutants was carried out by RQ quotient method. The results showed that the seven trace organic pollutants were within the range of environmental acceptable risk (RQ1). Risk (0.1RQ1) contaminants are atrazine, Carbendazim and pentazole, low-risk (0.01RQ0.1) contaminants are ethoxyquine and isoprochlor, and risk-free (RQ0.01) are caffeine and mosquito-repellent amine. (2) Rainfall runoff has higher concentrations of conventional pollutants, the highest concentrations of TN in mixed commercial and residential areas, the highest concentrations of CODCr, TP and SS in agricultural areas. Except for caffeine, trace organic pollutants were detected in the runoff of three functional areas, and their concentrations varied widely. Their distribution characteristics were affected by pesticide use, underlying surface and rainfall parameters. The total amount of trace organic pollutants was the largest, followed by the industrial area, and the mixed commercial and residential area had the highest concentration of caffeine in the rainfall runoff. (3) The annual pollution load of Gaopu small river basin was estimated to be the highest, reaching 401448.42 kg, TN and TP were 41466.53 kg and 5011.23 kg, respectively. The annual load of amines is the highest, 444.38g and 534.93g, respectively. Rainfall runoff as a typical non-point source pollution, contributes a lot to the pollutants in Gaopu River. It should be paid enough attention to take timely control measures, improve the pipeline network facilities, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, replace it with non-toxic biological pesticides, and reduce the risk of river pollution from the source. (4) The combined process has a good effect on pollutant removal, and the removal rates of TP and CODCr are 79.66% and 79.65% and 66.74% and 72.50% respectively. The effluent CODCr and TP of the two wetlands can achieve the goal of upgrading river water from inferior V to surface water IV. The removal rates of TN are 52.04% and 45.21% respectively, and the effluent concentration is high. During the winter, the temperature is lower, the activity of microorganisms and plants is lower, so the removal effect can not reach the best state. This paper analyzes the pollution characteristics of water and rainfall runoff in Gaopu small river basin, analyzes the pollution sources, and provides scientific basis for river management and ecological restoration. The effect of constructed wetland on the treatment of heavily polluted river water will provide some reference for the ecological restoration of black and Odorous River water in China.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52
本文編號：2216188
[Abstract]:As a source of drinking water, the Dongjiang River undertakes the task of supplying about 40 million people with water for production and living in Guangdong and Hong Kong. Its water quality is very important. In addition, rainfall runoff, as a non-point source of pollution, carries a large number of surface pollutants and pesticide residues into the water body, causing serious pollution to Gaopu River, thereby affecting the water quality and safety of Dongjiang River. Seven trace organic pollutants including oxamide, carbamazole, pentazole, caffeine and mosquito repellent amine were monitored for one year. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of pollutants were analyzed and the water quality risk assessment was carried out in Gaopu small river basin. Distribution characteristics, estimation of the annual pollution load of rainfall runoff into the river, study on the contribution of rainfall runoff to pollutants in Gaopu small river, adopt "combined packed bed + waveform subsurface flow constructed wetland" combination technology to carry out heterotopic ecological restoration of the heavily polluted tributary river water of Gaopu small river, and study the treatment effect of combined technology on black and odorous water. The results are as follows: (1) The concentration of conventional pollutants in Gaopu small river basin is greatly influenced by season and hydrological period. The CODCr, TN and TP indexes are high in dry season and low in wet season, while the dissolved oxygen is high in winter and low in summer. The main pollution sources are the runoff catchment of the upper reaches of farmland, the catchment of the middle reaches of tributaries and the drainage of the sewage treatment plants in the lower reaches. The results show that the tributaries of Gaopu River are typical black and odorous water bodies. The concentrations of trace organic pollutants are higher in crop planting cycles around April and August, and higher in dry season than in wet season. The concentration of trace organic pollutants decreased due to the dilution of sewage from the sewage treatment plant. The ecological risk assessment of trace organic pollutants was carried out by RQ quotient method. The results showed that the seven trace organic pollutants were within the range of environmental acceptable risk (RQ1). Risk (0.1RQ1) contaminants are atrazine, Carbendazim and pentazole, low-risk (0.01RQ0.1) contaminants are ethoxyquine and isoprochlor, and risk-free (RQ0.01) are caffeine and mosquito-repellent amine. (2) Rainfall runoff has higher concentrations of conventional pollutants, the highest concentrations of TN in mixed commercial and residential areas, the highest concentrations of CODCr, TP and SS in agricultural areas. Except for caffeine, trace organic pollutants were detected in the runoff of three functional areas, and their concentrations varied widely. Their distribution characteristics were affected by pesticide use, underlying surface and rainfall parameters. The total amount of trace organic pollutants was the largest, followed by the industrial area, and the mixed commercial and residential area had the highest concentration of caffeine in the rainfall runoff. (3) The annual pollution load of Gaopu small river basin was estimated to be the highest, reaching 401448.42 kg, TN and TP were 41466.53 kg and 5011.23 kg, respectively. The annual load of amines is the highest, 444.38g and 534.93g, respectively. Rainfall runoff as a typical non-point source pollution, contributes a lot to the pollutants in Gaopu River. It should be paid enough attention to take timely control measures, improve the pipeline network facilities, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, replace it with non-toxic biological pesticides, and reduce the risk of river pollution from the source. (4) The combined process has a good effect on pollutant removal, and the removal rates of TP and CODCr are 79.66% and 79.65% and 66.74% and 72.50% respectively. The effluent CODCr and TP of the two wetlands can achieve the goal of upgrading river water from inferior V to surface water IV. The removal rates of TN are 52.04% and 45.21% respectively, and the effluent concentration is high. During the winter, the temperature is lower, the activity of microorganisms and plants is lower, so the removal effect can not reach the best state. This paper analyzes the pollution characteristics of water and rainfall runoff in Gaopu small river basin, analyzes the pollution sources, and provides scientific basis for river management and ecological restoration. The effect of constructed wetland on the treatment of heavily polluted river water will provide some reference for the ecological restoration of black and Odorous River water in China.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52
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