【摘要】：我國(guó)是土霉素原料藥生產(chǎn)與出口大國(guó),在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的土霉素廢水。土霉素廢水中含有一定量的土霉素有效成分,將含有殘留土霉素的廢水排放到環(huán)境中,會(huì)造成環(huán)境污染,威脅人類(lèi)健康和生態(tài)環(huán)境安全。因此,土霉素廢水排放成為全社會(huì)關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。本文介紹了土霉素分子的理化性質(zhì),產(chǎn)生土霉素廢水的工藝過(guò)程,根據(jù)土霉素廢水的特征,分析了不同工藝降解土霉素廢水效果及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),進(jìn)行了常溫常壓、高溫高壓及微波高壓降解土霉素廢水的實(shí)驗(yàn),探究了微波高壓降解土霉素廢水的機(jī)理,并得到了微波高壓降解土霉素廢水的最佳實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)此條件,設(shè)計(jì)了一款微波降解土霉素廢水的裝置,其特點(diǎn)為微波諧振腔與土霉素廢水降解反應(yīng)罐合二為一,反應(yīng)罐中的微波場(chǎng)分布均勻,效率高,可連續(xù)處理土霉素廢水。本文將微波技術(shù)應(yīng)用到土霉素廢水的降解過(guò)程中,并主要進(jìn)行了以下研究:(1)以模擬土霉素廢水為降解對(duì)象,通過(guò)單因素試驗(yàn)研究土霉素廢水溶液的初始濃度、初始pH值、初始溫度、體積,微波降解土霉素廢水溶液時(shí)升高的溫度、微波功率,保溫時(shí)間七種因素對(duì)微波降解土霉素廢水效果的影響,通過(guò)單因素試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果,分析各因素對(duì)土霉素廢水的降解規(guī)律。(2)以模擬土霉素廢水為降解對(duì)象,采用正交試驗(yàn)探究微波降解土霉素廢水的最佳條件。結(jié)果表明,各因素對(duì)微波處理土霉素廢水效果的影響程度為:初始反應(yīng)pH值保溫時(shí)間微波功率升高溫度初始反應(yīng)溫度初始反應(yīng)濃度溶液體積;正交試驗(yàn)初步確定的最佳反應(yīng)條件為:當(dāng)溶液初始濃度為400mg/L,溶液初始溫度為60℃,溶液初始pH值為1,溶液體積為1500m L;微波功率為200W,溫度升高140℃,保溫時(shí)間為60min時(shí),微波降解土霉素廢水的效果最佳,平均降解率為96.57%,平均COD去除率為95.46%。且通過(guò)計(jì)算證明土霉素廢水微波降解過(guò)程在本研究條件下,符合擬一級(jí)反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程。(3)通過(guò)調(diào)研,以石家莊某制藥廠土霉素的年產(chǎn)量及廢水中土霉素含量為依據(jù),結(jié)合上文得到的研究數(shù)據(jù),設(shè)計(jì)一種微波降解土霉素廢水的裝置。本文介紹了微波源、波導(dǎo)管、諧振腔的結(jié)構(gòu)、計(jì)算依據(jù)、工作原理和控制電路,選擇確定了本裝置的微波源頻率為2450MHz,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)矩形波導(dǎo)管的型號(hào)BJ22,尺寸為109×54.5mm2,諧振腔的形狀為圓柱罐形,采用不銹鋼材料。結(jié)合微波功率、流量、反應(yīng)時(shí)間等參數(shù),初步得到諧振腔相關(guān)尺寸,通過(guò)HFSS軟件對(duì)微波諧振腔內(nèi)的電磁場(chǎng)進(jìn)行了仿真,確定了波導(dǎo)管的數(shù)量以及分布位置,仿真結(jié)果可以作為微波降解土霉素廢水裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)。根據(jù)實(shí)際工況,設(shè)計(jì)了諧振腔罐蓋、進(jìn)出水口的微波防泄漏結(jié)構(gòu),微波進(jìn)入諧振腔的通道排水柱結(jié)構(gòu);裝置的控制系統(tǒng)。結(jié)合本裝置的特點(diǎn),制定了微波降解土霉素廢水的工藝流程圖,本裝置可作為一個(gè)獨(dú)立單元使用,可并聯(lián)使用,以獲得更大的處理量;也可串聯(lián)使用,以獲得更大的去除率。
[Abstract]:Oxytetracycline wastewater contains a certain amount of active components of oxytetracycline, and the waste water containing oxytetracycline is discharged into the environment, which will cause environmental pollution and threaten human health and ecological environment safety. This paper introduces the physical and chemical properties of oxytetracycline molecule and the process of producing oxytetracycline wastewater. According to the characteristics of oxytetracycline wastewater, the effects and advantages and disadvantages of different processes on the degradation of oxytetracycline wastewater are analyzed. The experiments of degradation of oxytetracycline wastewater at room temperature, atmospheric pressure, high temperature, high pressure and microwave high pressure are carried out. The mechanism of microwave high pressure degrading oxytetracycline wastewater was studied, and the best experimental data of microwave high pressure degrading oxytetracycline wastewater were obtained. According to this condition, a microwave degrading oxytetracycline wastewater device was designed. Oxytetracycline wastewater can be continuously treated. In this paper, the microwave technology was applied to the degradation of oxytetracycline wastewater, and the following studies were carried out: (1) The initial concentration, initial pH value, initial temperature and volume of oxytetracycline wastewater solution were studied by single factor experiment with simulated oxytetracycline wastewater as degradation object. The effects of temperature, microwave power and holding time on the degradation of oxytetracycline wastewater by microwave were analyzed by single factor experiment. (2) The optimal conditions of oxytetracycline wastewater degradation by microwave were studied by orthogonal experiment. The results show that the influence degree of each factor on the effect of microwave treatment of oxytetracycline wastewater is as follows: initial reaction pH holding time, microwave power raising temperature, initial reaction temperature, initial reaction concentration solution volume; the optimum reaction conditions determined by orthogonal test are as follows: when the initial concentration of solution is 400 mg/L, initial temperature of solution is 60 C, initial pH value of solution is 60 C. When the microwave power is 200 W, the temperature rises 140 C and the holding time is 60 min, the average degradation rate of oxytetracycline wastewater is 96.57% and the average COD removal rate is 95.46%. (3) Based on the yearly output of oxytetracycline and the content of oxytetracycline in wastewater from a pharmaceutical factory in Shijiazhuang, a microwave degrading device for oxytetracycline wastewater is designed. The structure, calculation basis, working principle and control circuit of the microwave source, waveguide tube and resonant cavity are introduced in this paper. The frequency of the microwave source is 2450MHz, the size of the standard rectangular waveguide BJ22 is 109 *54.5mm2, the shape of the resonator is cylindrical tank, and stainless steel is used. The number and distribution of waveguide tubes are given, and the simulation results can be used as the basis for the structure design of the microwave degrading oxytetracycline wastewater plant. The process flow chart of microwave degrading oxytetracycline wastewater is given. The device can be used as an independent unit, and can be used in parallel to achieve greater treatment capacity, or in series to achieve greater removal rate.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X787

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