【摘要】：旅游業(yè)不僅促進(jìn)了國(guó)內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展和當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣裆钏降奶岣?也是我國(guó)當(dāng)前建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的必然要求。在進(jìn)行景區(qū)全面布局時(shí),應(yīng)加強(qiáng)自身軟實(shí)力的發(fā)展即景區(qū)所孕育的獨(dú)特的文化進(jìn)而營(yíng)造出適合游客身心健康發(fā)展的文化氛圍和自然環(huán)境。但是由于旅游勢(shì)頭發(fā)展的不斷上升,在發(fā)展過(guò)程中帶來(lái)的景區(qū)綠化帶的污染以及景區(qū)自然環(huán)境破壞問(wèn)題也日益加劇。土壤作為旅游區(qū)觀光活動(dòng)中直接受影響的主要對(duì)象,同時(shí)也是對(duì)旅游干擾影響反應(yīng)最為敏感的環(huán)境因子之一。景區(qū)土壤質(zhì)量的好壞在一定程度上會(huì)通過(guò)不同的途徑對(duì)游客的身體健康造成一定的威脅。研究旅游對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響并進(jìn)而尋求其修復(fù)與解決對(duì)策,已成為當(dāng)今環(huán)境與旅游研究的重點(diǎn)之一。以洪洞大槐樹景區(qū)作為研究區(qū),通過(guò)對(duì)研究區(qū)進(jìn)行資料收集、土壤樣品的采集和室內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn),獲得了關(guān)于研究區(qū)土壤的理化性質(zhì)和重金屬含量的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),繪制出了研究區(qū)的土壤理化性質(zhì)的含量和重金屬含量的空間分布,探究了人為活動(dòng)對(duì)景區(qū)土壤的影響,并用主成分分析法對(duì)洪洞大槐樹景區(qū)內(nèi)移民區(qū)、祭祖區(qū)和民俗區(qū)三大區(qū)域的綠地的肥力進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià),用污染指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)法即單因子指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)法和內(nèi)梅羅指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)法對(duì)研究區(qū)的三大區(qū)域的綠地重金屬污染狀況進(jìn)行了綜合評(píng)價(jià)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)研究區(qū)里的移民區(qū)、祭祖區(qū)和民俗區(qū)三大區(qū)域的土壤pH值均表現(xiàn)為從主游道開始由近到遠(yuǎn)逐漸降低的趨勢(shì),且民俗區(qū)內(nèi)的土壤pH值總體上高于移民區(qū)和祭祖區(qū)。移民區(qū)、祭祖區(qū)和民俗區(qū)三大區(qū)域的土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)、堿解氮、有效磷、速效鉀的含量則表現(xiàn)為從主游道由近到遠(yuǎn)逐漸上升的趨勢(shì)。(2)研究區(qū)內(nèi)除了土壤的pH值其余元素的含量在空間上的分布差異較明顯,表明其受到了人為活動(dòng)的干擾,洪洞大槐樹景區(qū)表層土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)及養(yǎng)分質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)變異系數(shù)的分布依次為速效鉀有效磷有機(jī)質(zhì)堿解氮,表明堿解氮的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)受人為活動(dòng)的影響最為明顯。(3)主成分分析法對(duì)大槐樹景區(qū)三大區(qū)域的綠地土壤肥力進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)的結(jié)果顯示,土壤肥力水平總體表現(xiàn)為移民區(qū)祭祖區(qū)民俗區(qū)。(4)研究區(qū)三大區(qū)域的土壤重金屬Cu元素、Pb元素、Zn元素、Mn元素、Cr元素的含量均表現(xiàn)為從主游道邊開始由近及遠(yuǎn)逐漸下降的趨勢(shì)。其中移民區(qū)土壤重金屬M(fèi)n元素、Zn元素和Pb元素從主游道邊、距游道5米、距游道10米三者均具有顯著差異(P0.05)。祭祖區(qū)土壤重金屬Cu元素、Zn元素、Pb元素從主游道邊、距游道5米、距游道10米三者均具有顯著差異(P0.05)。民俗區(qū)土壤重金屬M(fèi)n元素、Cu元素、Cr元素、Zn元素、Pb元素從主游道邊、距游道5米、距游道10米三者均具有顯著差異(P0.05)。在整個(gè)景區(qū)內(nèi)Cu、Pb、Zn這3種元素相對(duì)于其他2種重金屬元素的離散程度更高,表明其受外界環(huán)境的干擾比較顯著,空間上的分布差異較大。(5)以山西省土壤背景值作為評(píng)價(jià)依據(jù),進(jìn)行的單因子指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示,景區(qū)土壤重金屬全量單因子指數(shù)除了Zn元素之外均未超過(guò)1,說(shuō)明景區(qū)總體土壤還未受到污染,整體屬于清潔程度,但這一問(wèn)題應(yīng)當(dāng)受到景區(qū)管理者的的高度重視,在必要時(shí)采用相應(yīng)的措施。以CJ/T340-2011綠化種植土壤參考值為評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),進(jìn)行的單因子污染指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,景區(qū)整體土壤未受到污染。(6)以山西省土壤背景值作為評(píng)價(jià)依據(jù),進(jìn)行的內(nèi)梅羅污染指數(shù)法對(duì)研究區(qū)進(jìn)行綜合污染指數(shù)分析結(jié)果顯示,移民區(qū)綜合污染指數(shù)(p=0.98)和祭祖區(qū)綜合污染指數(shù)(p=0.88)總體土壤污染指數(shù)均大于0.7,達(dá)到了警戒水平。民俗區(qū)綜合污染指數(shù)(p=0.67),表明該區(qū)內(nèi)土壤目前處于安全狀態(tài),但與警戒值相差無(wú)幾。以CJ/T340-2011綠化種植土壤參考值為評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),進(jìn)行的內(nèi)梅羅污染指數(shù)法對(duì)研究區(qū)進(jìn)行綜合污染指數(shù)分析,結(jié)果表明研究區(qū)目前處于安全狀態(tài),為了使景區(qū)能夠進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,還需實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)土壤環(huán)境的變化并做好相應(yīng)的應(yīng)對(duì)舉措。
[Abstract]:Tourism not only promotes the rapid development of domestic economy and the improvement of local people's living standards, but also is the inevitable requirement of building a well-off society in our country. However, due to the rising trend of tourism, the pollution of scenic green belts and the destruction of natural environment are becoming more and more serious. Soil, as the main object directly affected by tourism activities, is also the most sensitive environmental factor to the impact of tourism disturbance. To some extent, the soil quality of scenic spots will threaten the health of tourists through different ways. To study the negative impact of tourism on the ecological environment and to seek its remediation and solutions has become one of the focuses of environmental and tourism research. Through collecting data, collecting soil samples and indoor experiments, the data about soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content in the study area were obtained. The spatial distribution of soil physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content in the study area were plotted, and the effects of human activities on the soil in the scenic area were explored. The fertility of the green space in the immigration area, ancestral worship area and folk custom area of Hongdong Robinia tree scenic area was evaluated comprehensively by using the method of pollution index, i.e. single factor index evaluation method and Nemerow index evaluation method. The following: (1) Soil pH values of the three major areas in the study area, including the immigration area, ancestral worship area and folk custom area, all showed a decreasing trend from the main passage to the far and near, and the soil pH values in the folk custom area were generally higher than those in the immigration area and ancestral worship area. The content of potassium increased gradually from near to far in the main stream. (2) The spatial distribution of other elements except soil pH value in the study area was significantly different, indicating that it was disturbed by human activities. The variation coefficient of soil organic matter and nutrient content in the surface layer of Hongdong Robinia pseudoacacia scenic area was in turn fast. Available potassium, available phosphorus, available organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen indicated that the mass fraction of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen was most significantly affected by human activities. (3) The results of comprehensive evaluation of soil fertility of green space in the three major areas of the Huaishu scenic spot showed that the soil fertility level was generally expressed in the folk-custom areas of ancestral worship areas in the immigration area. (4) The soil in the three major areas of the study area. The contents of heavy metal Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn and Cr in soils decreased gradually from near to far from the main stream. The contents of heavy metal Mn, Zn and Pb in soils from the main stream, 5 meters from the main stream and 10 meters from the runway in the immigration area were significantly different (P 0.05). Elements Mn, Cu, Cr, Zn and Pb from the main runway, 5 meters away from the runway and 10 meters away from the runway were all significantly different (P 0.05). The contents of Cu, Pb, Zn and Pb from the main runway, 5 meters away from the runway and 10 meters away from the runway were significantly different (P 0.05). The dispersion degree of the two heavy metals was higher, indicating that they were significantly disturbed by the external environment, and the spatial distribution was quite different. (5) Based on the soil background value of Shanxi Province, the single factor index evaluation results showed that the total single factor index of heavy metals in the soil of scenic spots was not more than 1 except Zn, indicating the landscape. The overall soil in the area is not polluted and the whole is clean, but this problem should be highly valued by the managers of the scenic spots. Corresponding measures should be taken when necessary. Based on the soil background value of Shanxi Province, the Nemerow pollution index method was used to analyze the comprehensive pollution index of the study area. The results showed that the comprehensive pollution index (p = 0.98) and the comprehensive pollution index (p = 0.88) of the immigration area were higher than 0.7, reaching the alert level. 7), indicating that the soil in the study area is in a safe state, but there is little difference from the warning value. According to the reference value of CJ / T340-2011, the Nemerow pollution index method is used to analyze the comprehensive pollution index of the study area. The results show that the study area is in a safe state at present, in order to make the scenic area develop further, and the comprehensive pollution index is also analyzed. It is necessary to monitor the changes of soil environment in real time and make corresponding measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S158;X53;X825

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