【摘要】：石油工業(yè)是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的血液,管道運輸是石油工業(yè)的主干動脈,維護輸送管道的安全穩(wěn)定運行已經(jīng)成為油氣產(chǎn)業(yè)的重要主題。人為因素和自然因素會導致輸油管道發(fā)生泄漏,輸油管道的泄漏不僅影響了正常輸送,并且還造成人員傷亡和巨大的經(jīng)濟損失。輸油管道泄漏檢測是保障管道安全可靠運行的必要手段。目前,激光技術由于其非接觸、快速測量等優(yōu)點在輸油管道泄漏污染物地面檢測中具有潛在的應用前景,但是泄漏區(qū)域污染物擴散特征、污染物光學物性均對其檢測產(chǎn)生了一定的影響,因此開展輸油管道泄漏污染物擴散及其激光檢測研究具有重要的應用價值。本文以輸油管道泄漏污染物為研究對象,結合實驗測量和數(shù)值模擬兩種手段,研究了泄漏油類污染物擴散及其光譜特征,分析了油類污染物介質(zhì)的光譜特性。在此基礎上,數(shù)值研究了泄漏條件對于埋地、水域輸油管道泄漏污染物擴散及油類污染物激光檢測的影響。開展了土壤紅外熱像實驗,并通過搭建激光檢測實驗臺研究了測量條件對油類污染物激光檢測的影響。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1.實驗介質(zhì)光譜測量實驗。實驗測量石油和含油污水的紅外透射光譜,采用 雙厚度‖法反演得到了石油的光學常數(shù),折射率在1.814~1.901之間,吸收指數(shù)在0.0261~0.0488之間,結合已有水光學常數(shù)的公開文獻數(shù)據(jù),計算水的反射比為0.036,可以獲得地面含油污水的反射特性。2.建立了輸油管道泄漏污染物傳質(zhì)過程二維計算模型。通過FLUENT軟件模擬分析了泄漏條件對埋地、水域輸油管道泄漏油類污染物擴散影響,結合反演石油光學常數(shù),分析了激光檢測中地面、水面油類污染物的光學特征。泄漏孔徑、泄漏位置和泄漏速度均對泄漏污染物的擴散影響較大,油品密度、粘度和含水率影響則相對較小。激光檢測與含油率和油膜厚度密切相關,地面、水面含油率和油膜厚度越大,激光檢測強度越大;水面溢油擴散到同一位置的時間越長,造成可檢測區(qū)域更廣。3.土壤紅外熱像實驗及油類污染物的激光檢測實驗。開展了含油土壤的紅外熱像實驗,分析了太陽輻照時間和含油量對于含油土壤表面紅外特性的影響。搭建了地面油類污染物激光檢測實驗臺,測量了地面油類污染物光學特性,分析了激光入射角度和測量距離對其檢測的影響。激光入射角度增大,無污染土壤和含油土壤的漫射激光強度增大;激光測量距離增大,無污染土壤和含油土壤漫射激光強度減小。通過本文的研究,獲得了石油和含油污水的紅外光譜特性和埋地、水域輸油管道泄漏擴散規(guī)律,以及激光入射角度和測量距離對油類污染物激光檢測影響,為輸油管道泄漏激光檢測技術發(fā)展提供了一定的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Petroleum industry is the blood of economic development, pipeline transportation is the main artery of petroleum industry, maintaining the safe and stable operation of pipeline has become an important subject of oil and gas industry. Human factors and natural factors will lead to oil pipeline leakage, oil pipeline leakage not only affected the normal transportation, but also caused casualties and huge economic losses. Oil pipeline leakage detection is a necessary means to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the pipeline. At present, laser technology has potential application prospect in ground detection of leakage pollutants in oil pipeline due to its advantages of non-contact and rapid measurement, but the characteristics of pollutant diffusion in leakage area. The optical properties of pollutants have a certain influence on their detection, so it is of great value to study the diffusion of pollutants in oil pipelines and their laser detection. In this paper, the diffusion and spectral characteristics of leaking oil pollutants are studied by means of experimental measurement and numerical simulation, and the spectral characteristics of oil pollutant media are analyzed. On this basis, the effects of leakage conditions on the diffusion of leaking pollutants and laser detection of oil pollutants in buried and water pipelines are studied numerically. The experiment of infrared thermal imaging of soil was carried out, and the influence of measuring conditions on the laser detection of oil pollutants was studied by building a laser test bench. The main research contents are as follows: 1. Experimental medium spectrum measurement experiment. The infrared transmission spectra of oil and oily sewage were measured experimentally. The optical constants of petroleum were obtained by using the double thickness method. The refractive index was between 1.814 and 1.901, and the absorption index was between 0.0261 and 0.0488. The reflection characteristics of oily sewage on the ground can be obtained by calculating the reflectance ratio of water is 0.036. A two-dimensional model for mass transfer process of oil pipeline leakage pollutants is established. The effects of leakage conditions on the diffusion of oil pollutants in buried and water pipelines are simulated by FLUENT software. The optical characteristics of surface and surface oil pollutants in laser detection are analyzed by inversion of oil optical constants. The leakage pore size, leakage location and leakage velocity all have a great influence on the diffusion of leaking pollutants, while the oil density, viscosity and moisture content are relatively small. Laser detection is closely related to oil content and oil film thickness. The higher the oil content and oil film thickness on the surface, the greater the laser detection intensity, and the longer the oil spill spread to the same position, the wider the detectable area is. Infrared thermal imaging of soil and laser detection of oil pollutants. The effects of solar irradiation time and oil content on the infrared characteristics of oil-bearing soils were analyzed. An experimental platform for laser detection of surface oil pollutants was set up. The optical properties of surface oil pollutants were measured. The influence of laser incident angle and measuring distance on the detection was analyzed. With the increase of laser incidence angle, the diffuse laser intensity of non-polluted soil and oil-bearing soil increases, and the laser measurement distance increases, and the diffuse laser intensity decreases in non-polluted soil and oil-bearing soil. Through the research in this paper, the infrared spectrum characteristics of oil and oily sewage, the regularity of leakage and diffusion of oil pipeline in water area, and the influence of laser incident angle and measuring distance on the laser detection of oil pollutants are obtained. It provides a certain reference for the development of laser detection technology for oil pipeline leakage.
【學位授予單位】：東北石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X830;TE88;O657.3

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本文編號：2168513