本文選題：環(huán)境污染 + 城鄉(xiāng)收入差距��； 參考：《中國人口·資源與環(huán)境》2017年10期

【摘要】：環(huán)境污染是與居民健康水平緊密相關(guān)的,并且會導(dǎo)致處于不同收入階層的居民的健康人力資本投資決策呈現(xiàn)出異質(zhì)性特征,從而影響居民收入差距。本文通過構(gòu)建跨期經(jīng)濟模型研究環(huán)境污染對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響,研究發(fā)現(xiàn):環(huán)境污染導(dǎo)致城鎮(zhèn)居民和農(nóng)村居民出現(xiàn)相同比例的健康損害,這種損害會拉大城鄉(xiāng)居民絕對收入差距;處于低收入階層的農(nóng)村居民應(yīng)對環(huán)境污染帶來的健康損害會進行相對較少的健康人力資本投資,因而城鄉(xiāng)居民的健康水平差異會逐漸拉大,所以城鄉(xiāng)收入的相對差距也會隨著環(huán)境污染的加劇而擴大�；诶碚撗芯拷Y(jié)果,運用中國2002—2013年的省級面板數(shù)據(jù)進行實證研究發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)環(huán)境污染對中國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響顯著為正,并且基于人均二氧化硫排放量和人均廢水化學(xué)需氧量排放量的計量檢驗結(jié)果是一致的,這表明研究結(jié)論是穩(wěn)健的;(2)運用門檻面板模型的計量結(jié)果表明當滯后一期的城鄉(xiāng)收入差距增加到臨界點之后,環(huán)境污染對城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的正效應(yīng)會明顯增強,表明環(huán)境污染對處于不同收入階層的城鎮(zhèn)居民和農(nóng)村居民的健康人力資本投資決策有顯著的影響,環(huán)境污染進一步拉大城鄉(xiāng)居民的相對收入差距;(3)本文的研究結(jié)果證明了在教育、政府行為、城鎮(zhèn)化等影響城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的核心因素之外,環(huán)境污染也是影響中國城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的顯著性因素,并且其影響會隨著環(huán)境污染的加劇和期初收入差距的拉大而變得更加嚴重,因此在治理中國城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的過程中,相關(guān)政策應(yīng)該平衡環(huán)境污染成本在城鎮(zhèn)居民和農(nóng)村居民之間的分配。
[Abstract]:Environmental pollution is closely related to the health level of residents, and will lead to the different characteristics of investment decisions of health human capital of residents in different income groups, thus affecting the income gap of residents. This paper studies the effect of environmental pollution on urban-rural income gap by constructing an intertemporal economic model. It is found that environmental pollution causes the same proportion of health damage to urban and rural residents. Such damage will widen the absolute income gap between urban and rural residents; rural residents in low-income groups will make relatively little investment in healthy human capital to deal with the health damage caused by environmental pollution. As a result, the difference of health level between urban and rural residents will gradually widen, so the relative income gap between urban and rural areas will expand with the intensification of environmental pollution. Based on the theoretical research results, the empirical study using provincial panel data from 2002 to 2013 shows that: (1) the impact of environmental pollution on the income gap between urban and rural areas in China is significantly positive. And on the basis of the results of the metrological tests of the amount of sulfur dioxide emissions per capita and the amount of chemical oxygen demand discharge from wastewater per capita, the results are consistent. This indicates that the conclusion of the study is robust. (2) the measurement results using threshold panel model show that the positive effect of environmental pollution on urban-rural income gap will be significantly enhanced when the lag urban-rural income gap increases to a critical point. The results show that environmental pollution has a significant impact on the investment decisions of healthy human capital of urban and rural residents in different income groups. Environmental pollution further widens the relative income gap between urban and rural residents. (3) the research results of this paper prove that, in addition to the core factors such as education, government behavior, urbanization and so on, which affect the income gap between urban and rural areas, Environmental pollution is also a significant factor affecting the income gap between urban and rural residents in China, and its impact will become more serious with the intensification of environmental pollution and the widening of income gap at the beginning of the period. Therefore, in the process of controlling the income gap between urban and rural areas in China, Policies should balance the distribution of environmental pollution costs between urban and rural residents.
【作者單位】： 河南大學(xué)統(tǒng)計學(xué)博士后流動站;河南大學(xué)經(jīng)濟學(xué)院;
【基金】：教育部人文社會科學(xué)基金青年項目“與環(huán)境污染相關(guān)的健康不平等研究”(批準號:15YJCZH139)
【分類號】：F124.7;X22

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