本文選題：垃圾滲濾液 + UASB反應器　； 參考：《鄭州大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：垃圾焚燒技術(shù)是目前生活垃圾處理的一種新趨勢,既符合我國可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求,又適合我國土地資源緊缺和人口密度高的現(xiàn)狀,但垃圾滲濾液的處理成為一個關(guān)鍵問題。垃圾滲濾液具有有機污染物含量高且成分復雜、金屬離子含量高、氨氮含量高、磷含量過低,且碳氮磷比例失調(diào)等特點。滲濾液中還有一些病原微生物和致癌物質(zhì),不但會對人類的身體健康帶來危害,還會對生態(tài)環(huán)境造成污染,因此必須對垃圾滲濾液進行妥善有效的處理。本課題以開封某生活垃圾焚燒廠垃圾滲濾液為研究對象,采用兩級厭氧技術(shù),研究了兩級厭氧系統(tǒng)對垃圾滲濾液的處理效果,以及處理過程中顆粒污泥特性的變化和反應器的酸化過程,為垃圾滲濾液處理技術(shù)的應用提供了科學依據(jù)。以兩級厭氧系統(tǒng)對垃圾滲濾液進行處理,進水COD濃度為8946~57853mg/L,一級反應器容積負荷為8.78~15kgCOD/(m3·d)時,一級反應器COD去除率為55.2~88.7%;二級反應器容積負荷為2.11~4.64kgCOD/(m3·d)時,二級反應器COD去除率為46.2~87.5%,兩級UASB反應器對COD的整體去除率為90.3~96.2%。兩級UASB反應器運行狀況良好時,進水揮發(fā)酸濃度為54~121mmol/L,出水揮發(fā)酸濃度穩(wěn)定在2~3.5mmol/L。一級反應器出水pH值為7.2~8.6,二級反應器出水pH值為7.6~8.8。通過對兩級UASB反應器進出水鈣鎂合量和顆粒污泥的特性變化進行分析,可得出以下結(jié)論。進水鈣鎂合量為79.17~89.16mmol/L,經(jīng)過兩級UASB反應器處理后,出水鈣鎂合量可降低至10.69~16.83mmol/L,其中絕大部分的鈣鎂累積在一級反應器內(nèi)。反應器運行第109天,一級反應器中顆粒污泥鈣鎂合量由4.732mg/gSS升高至109.605mg/gSS,顆粒污泥產(chǎn)甲烷活性較第78天顆粒污泥有所降低;二級反應器中顆粒污泥鈣鎂合量由4.169mg/gSS升高至41.895mg/gSS,顆粒污泥產(chǎn)甲烷活性較第78天顆粒污泥基本不變。兩級厭氧系統(tǒng)發(fā)生酸化后,降低其容積負荷和進水濃度,兩級厭氧系統(tǒng)能夠很快恢復較高的處理效率。
[Abstract]:MSW incineration technology is a new trend of domestic waste treatment, which not only meets the requirements of sustainable development in China, but also suits the current situation of land resources shortage and high population density. However, the treatment of landfill leachate has become a key issue. Landfill leachate has the characteristics of high organic pollutant content, complex composition, high metal ion content, high ammonia nitrogen content, low phosphorus content, and disproportion of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. There are also some pathogenic microorganisms and carcinogens in leachate which will not only harm human health but also pollute the ecological environment. Therefore the leachate must be properly and effectively treated. Taking the landfill leachate of a domestic waste incineration plant in Kaifeng as the research object, the two-stage anaerobic technology was used to study the treatment effect of the two-stage anaerobic system on the landfill leachate. The change of granular sludge characteristics and the acidification process of the reactor provide scientific basis for the application of landfill leachate treatment technology. The landfill leachate was treated with a two-stage anaerobic system. When the influent COD concentration was 8946 ~ 57853 mg / L and the volumetric load of the first stage reactor was 8.78~15kgCOD/(m3 _ d, the removal rate of COD in the first stage reactor was 55.2 ~ 88.7 and the volume load of the secondary reactor was 2.11~4.64kgCOD/(m3 _ d. The removal rate of COD in secondary reactor was 46.2% and 87.5% in two-stage UASB reactor. The overall removal rate of COD in two-stage UASB reactor was 90.3% 96.2%. When the two-stage UASB reactor is in good condition, the concentration of volatile acid in the influent is 54 ~ 121mmol / L, and the concentration of volatile acid in effluent is stable at 2 ~ 3.5mmol路 L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). The effluent pH value of primary reactor and secondary reactor was 7.2 ~ 8.6and 7.6 ~ 8.8respectively. Based on the analysis of calcium magnesium content and the characteristics of granular sludge in two-stage UASB reactor, the following conclusions can be drawn. The influent calcium / magnesium content was 79.17 ~ 89.16 mmol / L, and after two-stage UASB reactor treatment, the effluent Ca / mg content could be reduced to 10.69 ~ 16.83 mmol / L, most of which were accumulated in the first-order reactor. On the 109th day of operation, the calcium and magnesium content of granular sludge increased from 4.732mg/gSS to 109.605 mg / g SS. the methanogenic activity of granular sludge was lower than that of 78th day. The calcium magnesium content of granular sludge in the secondary reactor increased from 4.169mg/gSS to 41.895 mg / g SS.The methanogenic activity of granular sludge was almost unchanged compared with that of granular sludge on the 78th day. After acidification occurs in the two-stage anaerobic system, the volumetric load and the influent concentration of the two-stage anaerobic system can be reduced, and the two-stage anaerobic system can quickly recover a higher treatment efficiency.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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