本文選題：太湖 + 重金屬�。� 參考：《南京理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：太湖流域污染問(wèn)題一直是我國(guó)重點(diǎn)治理的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,大量針對(duì)太湖流域污染問(wèn)題的研究,主要集中在研究太湖流域沉積物中氮、磷的分布情況�；蛘哐芯刻饔虿糠謪^(qū)域重金屬的分布情況。本論文首先針對(duì)太湖流域進(jìn)行大范圍、多位點(diǎn)的采樣研究。并對(duì)太湖流域進(jìn)行潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià),有依據(jù)的總結(jié)太湖流域的污染狀況。由于影響沉積物重金屬生物有效性的因素有很多,研究沉積物的性質(zhì)和是否含有藍(lán)藻沉積物對(duì)重金屬生物有效性的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)分為三部分,三部分實(shí)驗(yàn)得到如下結(jié)論:太湖流域水體表層沉積物中重金屬的含量分布規(guī)律為北向南降低、從東到西降低。對(duì)太湖流域重金屬進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)分析,太湖流域表層沉積物中重金屬As、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Cr、Fe、Mn污染狀況不嚴(yán)重,重金屬Hg、Cd的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)較高,是造成太湖流域水體表層沉積物生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的主要因素。不同性質(zhì)的底泥沉積物對(duì)重金屬生物有效性的影響表現(xiàn)為:重金屬元素Pb、Cd在上覆水中均隨著實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行含量升高;Fe、Mn、As、Cr的含量隨著時(shí)間而降低。硫化物在有機(jī)質(zhì)沉積物中的含量要高于在砂質(zhì)沉積物中含量。對(duì)于SEM的含量,在砂質(zhì)中的含量要高于在有機(jī)質(zhì)中。在不同性質(zhì)沉積物中SEM-AVS的含量不同,有機(jī)質(zhì)中的重金屬的毒性小于砂質(zhì)沉積物。不同性質(zhì)的沉積物重金屬的形態(tài)含量有較大的區(qū)別�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō),重金屬的可氧化態(tài)在有機(jī)質(zhì)沉積物中的含量高于在砂質(zhì)沉積物。弱酸態(tài)受生物擾動(dòng)的影響�？蛇�原態(tài)的濃度除了受到沉積物種類(lèi)的影響和生物擾動(dòng)外,還受重金屬的種類(lèi)影響。生物擾動(dòng)影響DGT金屬通量的程度與沉積物的深度和重金屬的結(jié)合情況有關(guān)。浮游植物藍(lán)藻的存在使得重金屬Cr、Mn、As、Cd的濃度要明顯高于無(wú)藍(lán)藻的沉積物。復(fù)氧期,藍(lán)藻的數(shù)量增加。在藍(lán)藻聚集時(shí)期,不含藍(lán)藻的沉積物對(duì)水生生物的毒性作用高于有藍(lán)藻存在沉積物。在死亡時(shí)期,有藍(lán)藻存在的沉積物對(duì)水生生物的毒性作用增強(qiáng)。復(fù)氧期,無(wú)藍(lán)藻存在的沉積物對(duì)水生生物的毒性低。重金屬形態(tài)對(duì)生物有效性的影響很大,在有無(wú)藍(lán)藻的沉積物中,重金屬的弱酸態(tài)、可氧化態(tài)、可還原態(tài)的濃度呈現(xiàn)一定的規(guī)律。PEEPER測(cè)的結(jié)果可知,上覆水中的Fe的含量低于沉積物中的含量,有藍(lán)藻存在的沉積物中Fe的含量低于沒(méi)有藍(lán)藻存在的沉積物的含量。通過(guò)DGT測(cè)定表明有藍(lán)藻存在的沉積物在聚集期使重金屬Cr的含量升高,對(duì)As、Pb、Cd、Mn、Fe等的影響不大,在死亡期,藍(lán)藻存在對(duì)重金屬Pb、Mn的濃度影響大。在藍(lán)藻復(fù)氧期,藍(lán)藻存在對(duì)重金屬M(fèi)n、Pb的影響大。
[Abstract]:The pollution problem of Taihu Lake basin has always been an important environmental problem in China. A large number of studies on pollution problems in Taihu Lake basin are mainly focused on the distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in sediments of Taihu Lake basin. Or study the distribution of heavy metals in some areas of Taihu Lake basin. In this paper, a large-scale, multi-site sampling study is carried out on Taihu Lake basin. The potential risk assessment of Taihu Lake basin is carried out, and the pollution situation of Taihu Lake basin is summarized. Because there are many factors that affect the bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments, the properties of sediments and the effects of cyanobacteria on the bioavailability of heavy metals are studied. The experiment is divided into three parts. The conclusions are as follows: the distribution of heavy metals in the surface sediments of Taihu Lake basin decreases from north to south and from east to west. The risk assessment of heavy metals in Taihu Lake basin showed that the pollution status of heavy metal As-CuCuZn-Zn-PbPbPbPbPbPbPbPbPbPbPbPbPbPbPbNiNiCr-FeON-Mn in the surface sediments of Taihu Lake basin was not serious, and the risk grade of heavy metal Hgn / CD was higher, which was the main factor that caused the ecological risk of surface The effects of sediment with different properties on the bioavailability of heavy metals are as follows: the content of heavy metal Pb, CD in the overlying water increases with the increase of the content of Fe, mn, as well as Cr in the overlying water, and the content of Cr decreases with time. The content of sulfides in organic matter sediments is higher than that in sandy sediments. The content of SEM in sand is higher than that in organic matter. The content of SEM-AVS in different sediments is different, and the toxicity of heavy metals in organic matter is less than that in sandy sediments. The speciation of heavy metals in sediments with different properties is different. In general, the content of oxidizable heavy metals in organic matter sediments is higher than that in sandy sediments. The weak acid state is affected by the biological disturbance. The concentration of the reducible state is affected not only by the species of sediment and biological disturbance, but also by the species of heavy metals. The extent to which DGT metal flux is affected by biological disturbance is related to the depth of sediment and the binding of heavy metals. The presence of phytoplankton cyanobacteria made the concentration of heavy metal Cr _ (mn) mn _ (C _ (2) C _ (2) was significantly higher than that of the sediments without cyanobacteria. During the reoxygenation period, the amount of cyanobacteria increased. During the period of cyanobacteria accumulation, the toxicity of cyanobacteria free sediments to aquatic organisms was higher than that of cyanobacteria sediments. At the time of death, the toxicity of sediments with cyanobacteria to aquatic organisms increased. During the reoxygenation period, the toxicity of the sediments without cyanobacteria to aquatic organisms was low. Heavy metal forms have a great influence on bioavailability. In the sediments with or without cyanobacteria, the concentrations of weak acid, oxidizable and reducible heavy metals show a certain regularity. The Fe content in the overlying water was lower than that in the sediment, and the Fe content in the sediment with cyanobacteria was lower than that in the sediment without cyanobacteria. DGT analysis showed that the presence of cyanobacteria increased the content of heavy metal Cr during the accumulation period, but had little effect on the concentration of heavy metal, such as PbPbPbCdcdMnMn-Fe, etc. At the death stage, the presence of cyanobacteria had a great effect on the concentration of heavy metal PbPb-Mn. During the period of cyanobacteria reoxygenation, the presence of cyanobacteria has a great influence on the heavy metal mn ~ (2 +) Pb.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X524

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