本文選題：太湖 + 富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化　； 參考：《華東理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：太湖流域工農(nóng)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展、幾十年的過量營(yíng)養(yǎng)輸入使得湖泊富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化嚴(yán)重,伴隨著連年的藍(lán)藻水華出現(xiàn),己嚴(yán)重制約流域社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。目前關(guān)于太湖藍(lán)藻水華的研究多關(guān)注某一季節(jié)(通常是夏季)或某一特定地點(diǎn)(如梅梁灣)的某一藍(lán)藻屬(微囊藻屬)的多樣性或豐度,很少有關(guān)于太湖藍(lán)藻水華的系統(tǒng)研究以分析藍(lán)藻群落結(jié)構(gòu)隨季節(jié)和空間變化的動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律。為了系統(tǒng)了解太湖水體中藍(lán)藻的多樣性和群落結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)空動(dòng)態(tài),本課題選取太湖五個(gè)不同湖區(qū)(東太湖、南部沿岸區(qū)、西部沿岸區(qū)、竺山湖和梅梁灣)作為采樣點(diǎn)采集一年的水樣,并參照國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)測(cè)定水樣理化參數(shù)。利用變形梯度凝膠電泳(DGGE)技術(shù)對(duì)太湖不同時(shí)間(一、三、六、九月份)和不同地點(diǎn)藍(lán)藻的多樣性和群落結(jié)構(gòu)變遷進(jìn)行分析,同時(shí)結(jié)合主成分分析(PCA)和冗余分析(RDA)分析藍(lán)藻群落結(jié)構(gòu)與環(huán)境因子的相關(guān)性。DGGE分析結(jié)果表明太湖不同季節(jié)和不同湖區(qū)的優(yōu)勢(shì)藍(lán)藻均為微囊藻屬(Microcystis)、聚球藻屬(Synechococcus)和藍(lán)菌屬(Cyanobium),其中Microcystis口Synechococcus占統(tǒng)治地位。Synechococcus的多樣性高于Microcystis,但相對(duì)豐度低于后者。Microcystis在冬春季節(jié)的東太湖和南部沿岸區(qū)相對(duì)豐度較高,而在夏秋季節(jié)的其它三個(gè)湖區(qū)相對(duì)豐度較高,說明夏秋季節(jié)的藍(lán)藻水華不只與冬春季節(jié)水體中的藍(lán)藻豐度有關(guān)。兩種超微藍(lán)藻(Cyanobium和Synechococcus)在太湖中處于優(yōu)勢(shì)地位,但是之前關(guān)于太湖藍(lán)藻的研究很少關(guān)注超微藍(lán)藻暴發(fā)水華的可能性。富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化湖泊中普遍存在著三種潛在的微囊藻素生產(chǎn)者微囊藻屬(Microcystis)、項(xiàng)圈藻屬(Anabaena)和浮絲藻屬(Planktothrix)。由于Anabaena是冬春季節(jié)的優(yōu)勢(shì)藍(lán)藻,但在夏秋季節(jié)水體中并未出現(xiàn),從冬到夏,Anabaena逐漸被其它優(yōu)勢(shì)藍(lán)藻(如Microcystis)取代；而Planktothrix在四個(gè)研究月份中均未出現(xiàn),因此Microcystis是太湖藍(lán)藻水華期僅有的潛在的微囊藻素生產(chǎn)者。梅梁灣的葉綠素-a濃度(藍(lán)藻豐度)高于西部沿岸區(qū)和竺山湖,發(fā)生藍(lán)藻水華暴發(fā)的幾率最大,但是其它理化參數(shù)(如溶解氧、總氮和高錳酸鹽指數(shù)等)的時(shí)空變化規(guī)律顯示梅梁灣的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水平低于竺山湖和西部沿岸區(qū)。表明藍(lán)藻水華不僅與富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水平有關(guān),還與此地的風(fēng)向和地理位置等相關(guān)。RDA結(jié)果表明,與一、三月份水樣藍(lán)藻群落結(jié)構(gòu)顯著相關(guān)的環(huán)境因子是硝酸鹽氮、高錳酸鹽指數(shù)和氨氮,而與六、九月份水樣顯著相關(guān)的環(huán)境因子則是水溫。因此限制太湖的氮和碳輸入會(huì)是控制太湖藍(lán)藻生長(zhǎng)并最終控制藍(lán)藻水華的關(guān)鍵。本研究結(jié)果有利于建立優(yōu)良的藍(lán)藻水華檢測(cè)機(jī)制以及推測(cè)水華暴發(fā)后的走向,為藍(lán)藻水華的預(yù)防和治理提供理論參考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of industry and agriculture in Taihu Lake Basin, the eutrophication of the lake has been seriously caused by the excessive nutrient input for several decades. With the emergence of cyanobacteria Shui Hua in successive years, the sustainable development of social economy in the basin has been seriously restricted. Current studies on cyanobacteria Shui Hua in Taihu Lake have focused on the diversity or abundance of a cyanobacteria (Microcystis) in a particular season (usually in summer) or in a particular place (such as Meiliang Bay). There are few systematic studies on cyanobacteria Shui Hua in Taihu Lake to analyze the dynamic changes of the community structure with seasonal and spatial changes. In order to systematically understand the diversity of cyanobacteria and the temporal and spatial dynamics of community structure in Taihu Lake, five different lakes of Taihu Lake (East Taihu Lake, Southern Coastal area, Western Coastal region) were selected. Zhushan Lake and Meiliang Bay) were used as sampling sites to collect water samples for one year, and the physical and chemical parameters of water samples were determined with reference to national standards. The diversity and community structure changes of cyanobacteria at different times (January, March, June, September) and different locations in Taihu Lake were analyzed by using deformed gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique. DGGE analysis showed that the dominant cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake in different seasons and different lakes are Microcystis microcystis, Synechococcus (Synechococcus) and cyanobacteria. The diversity of Synechococcus at the mouth of Microcystis is higher than that of Microcystis, but the relative abundance is lower than that of Microcystis. The relative abundance of the other three lakes in the summer and autumn seasons is relatively high, which indicates that the cyanobacteria Shui Hua in the summer and autumn seasons is not only related to the abundance of cyanobacteria in the water in winter and spring seasons. Two species of Cyanobium and Synechococcus are dominant in Taihu Lake, but previous studies on cyanobacteria in Lake Taihu have paid little attention to the possibility of Shui Hua outbreak. There are three kinds of potential microcystis in eutrophic lakes, Microcystis, Anabaena and Planktothrixus. Since Anabaena is the dominant cyanobacteria in winter and spring, it is not found in the summer and autumn seasons. From winter to summer, Anabaena is gradually replaced by other dominant cyanobacteria (such as Microcystis), but Planktothrix does not appear in the four months of study. Therefore, Microcystis is the only potential microcystin producer in Shui Hua stage of cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake. The concentrations of chlorophyll a (abundance of cyanobacteria) in Meiliang Bay were higher than those in western coastal area and Zhushan Lake, and the incidence of cyanobacteria Shui Hua outbreak was the highest, but other physical and chemical parameters such as dissolved oxygen (do) were found in Meiliang Bay. The temporal and spatial variations of total nitrogen and permanganate index show that the eutrophication level of Meiliang Bay is lower than that of Zhushan Lake and western coastal area. The results showed that Shui Hua was not only related to eutrophication level, but also to the wind direction and geographical location of the area. The results showed that the environmental factor significantly related to the community structure of cyanobacteria in March was nitrate nitrogen. The permanganate index and ammonia nitrogen, and the environmental factors significantly related to the water samples in June and September are water temperature. Therefore, limiting the input of nitrogen and carbon will be the key to control the growth of cyanobacteria and ultimately control the Shui Hua of cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake. The results of this study are helpful to establish an excellent Shui Hua detection mechanism of cyanobacteria and to speculate on the trend of Shui Hua outbreak, and to provide a theoretical reference for the prevention and treatment of cyanobacteria Shui Hua.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X524

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 秦伯強(qiáng);楊桂軍;馬健榮;鄧建明;李未;吳挺峰;劉麗貞;高光;朱廣偉;張運(yùn)林;;太湖藍(lán)藻水華“暴發(fā)”的動(dòng)態(tài)特征及其機(jī)制[J];科學(xué)通報(bào);2016年07期

2 吳瑤潔;于霞;劉定富;董艷艷;;我國(guó)湖泊富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化問題及其控制措施研究進(jìn)展[J];綠色科技;2015年06期

3 張，

本文編號(hào)：1879829