本文選題：持久性有機污染物 + 傳遞行為　； 參考：《生態(tài)學(xué)報》2017年09期

【摘要】：食物網(wǎng)是持久性有機污染物(POPs)在水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中傳遞的重要途徑,了解其傳遞行為與機制是POPs生態(tài)暴露風(fēng)險評價的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。從4個方面展開了討論和分析:(1)食物網(wǎng)主要特征(營養(yǎng)級和食物鏈長度)與POPs環(huán)境行為的關(guān)系;(2)POPs在底棲及底棲-浮游耦合食物網(wǎng)中的環(huán)境行為;(3)微食物網(wǎng)對POPs環(huán)境行為的作用;(4)食物網(wǎng)的變化對POPs環(huán)境行為的影響。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)已有研究對水生生物中POPs生物放大作用存在較大爭議。一般營養(yǎng)級越高,POPs生物富集性越強,但由于各種生態(tài)和生理性質(zhì)的影響,也存在例外情況。食物鏈長度與POPs生物富集性呈正相關(guān)。(2)POPs通過底棲食物網(wǎng)將沉積物中的POPs向上傳遞,底棲-浮游食物網(wǎng)的耦合提高了高營養(yǎng)級消費者的暴露風(fēng)險,目前就POPs在底棲食物網(wǎng)中的生物放大性是否大于浮游食物網(wǎng)存在爭議。(3)微生物具有較大的比表面積,是吸附POPs的重要載體。另,沉積物中的微生物通過分解有機質(zhì),將POPs釋放到水柱中。微生物降解也是環(huán)境中POPs脫離環(huán)境的重要途徑。(4)在內(nèi)、外壓力下,食物網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和功能發(fā)生變化,使物質(zhì)和能量的傳遞方向和效率發(fā)生改變,并與環(huán)境理化性質(zhì)的變化互相耦合,影響POPs的環(huán)境行為。當(dāng)前研究的重點多集中在POPs在浮游食物網(wǎng),尤其是高營養(yǎng)級浮游食物網(wǎng)中的環(huán)境行為,對POPs在底棲及底棲-浮游耦合食物網(wǎng)和微食物網(wǎng)中環(huán)境行為的研究相對缺乏。有關(guān)POPs在食物網(wǎng)中環(huán)境行為的研究多集中在食物網(wǎng)的某個部分,時間尺度較短,缺乏對POPs環(huán)境行為動態(tài)變化的研究,未來需深入開展多尺度和多角度的POPs在食物網(wǎng)中環(huán)境行為的動態(tài)變化研究。新型POPs的生產(chǎn)和使用量不斷增加,但有關(guān)其在食物網(wǎng)中環(huán)境行為的相關(guān)分析還較為匱乏,需加強研究。
[Abstract]:Food web is an important way to transfer persistent organic pollutant (pops) in aquatic ecosystem. Understanding its transmission behavior and mechanism is the scientific basis of POPs ecological exposure risk assessment. The relationship between the main characteristics of the food web (nutritional grade and food chain length) and the environmental behavior of POPs were discussed and analyzed from four aspects. The environmental behavior of POPs in benthos and benthic-zooplankton coupling food webs was discussed and analyzed. The effect of food web on the environmental behavior of POPs. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the effect of POPs biomagnification in aquatic organisms has been controversial. The higher the nutrient level is, the stronger the bioaccumulation of pops is, but there are some exceptions due to the influence of various ecological and physiological properties. There was a positive correlation between the length of food chain and the bioconcentration of POPs. The POPs in sediment was transported upward through the benthic food web, and the coupling of benthic and planktonic food web increased the exposure risk of high nutritious consumers. At present, there is a dispute on whether the biomagnification of POPs in benthic food webs is greater than that of planktonic food webs. The microorganism has a larger specific surface area and is an important carrier for POPs adsorption. In addition, microbes in sediments release POPs into water column by decomposing organic matter. Microbial degradation is also an important way for POPs to get out of the environment. Under external pressure, the structure and function of food web changes, which changes the direction and efficiency of substance and energy transfer, and is coupled with the change of physical and chemical properties of environment. Affect the environmental behavior of POPs. The current research focuses on the environmental behavior of POPs in the zooplankton food web, especially in the high nutritious food web. The study on the environmental behavior of POPs in the benthos and benthic-zooplankton coupling food web and microfood web is relatively lacking. The study on the environmental behavior of POPs in the food web is mainly focused on some part of the food web, and the time scale is relatively short, and the study on the dynamic changes of the environmental behavior of POPs is lacking. In the future, the dynamic changes of environmental behavior of multi-scale and multi-angle POPs in food web should be further studied. The production and use of new POPs is increasing, but the analysis of its environmental behavior in food web is still scarce, so it needs to be studied.
【作者單位】： 北京大學(xué)環(huán)境科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院水沙科學(xué)教育部重點實驗室;北京大學(xué)城市與環(huán)境學(xué)院地球表面過程教育部重點實驗室;中國科學(xué)院水生生物研究所;
【基金】：國家重點基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計劃(973計劃)(2015CB458900)
【分類號】：X171

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