本文選題：污泥　切入點：脫水性能　出處：《浙江大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：改革開放三十年來,我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速,隨著工業(yè)化進程加快,污水排放量日益增長。經(jīng)污水處理產(chǎn)生的剩余污泥中含有大量致病菌、重金屬等有害物質(zhì),未經(jīng)合理的處理處置,容易對土壤、水體、大氣等造成污染,對人類健康和環(huán)境安全造成巨大威脅。污水處理廠產(chǎn)生的剩余污泥含水率過高,無法滿足污泥處置的要求,因此在對污泥進行處置之前,需對剩余污泥進行機械脫水,甚至熱干化,使污泥含水率降到一個較低水平。由于污泥的粘滯特性,在污泥的脫水過程中,容易發(fā)生粘壁和結(jié)團現(xiàn)象,從而增加機器的運行負荷,使能耗升高,效率降低,同時也容易帶來一定的安全隱患。本文研究了化學調(diào)理中添加劑對污泥脫水性能和粘滯特性的影響,選取了三種常用調(diào)理劑,分別為無機小分子凝聚劑三氯化鐵,無機高分子凝聚劑聚合三氯化鐵和有機高分子絮凝劑聚丙烯酰胺。在脫水性能實驗中,從離心污泥含水率、上清液zeta電位和污泥絮體粒度三個方面研究了添加劑的影響;粘滯特性實驗中,設(shè)計了一種可用來測量污泥粘結(jié)力和粘附力的實驗裝置,并對添加了不同濃度凝聚劑和絮凝劑的污泥進行粘結(jié)力和粘附力測試,以研究添加劑對污泥粘滯特性的影響。結(jié)果表明,無機凝聚劑用于污泥調(diào)理時用量大于有機高分子絮凝劑,對污泥絮體顆粒的表面電荷有明顯的中和作用,本實驗中采用的聚丙烯酰胺為非離子型有機高分子絮凝劑,因此對污泥絮體顆粒表面電荷影響較小,但隨絮凝劑添加量的增加,能有效增大絮體顆粒粒徑,促進污泥絮凝。在脫水實驗中,離心污泥含水率受到調(diào)理劑的影響,經(jīng)過無機陽離子凝聚劑調(diào)理的污泥在zeta電位絕對值較低時含水率較低,經(jīng)過有機高分子絮凝劑調(diào)理的污泥含水率隨添加量的升高先降低后升高,由此可分別確定無機陽離子凝聚劑和有機高分子絮凝劑的最優(yōu)添加量。在粘滯特性測試實驗中,無機陽離子凝聚劑和有機高分子絮凝劑均對污泥粘滯特性有較大影響,粘附力隨凝聚劑和絮凝劑添加量的升高而降低,粘結(jié)力則隨凝聚劑和絮凝劑添加量的升高先降低后升高,為降低污泥的粘結(jié)力和粘附力,可選擇最優(yōu)添加量。經(jīng)與脫水實驗對比可知,提高污泥脫水性能的最優(yōu)添加量與降低污泥粘滯力的最優(yōu)添加量相似,合理選擇凝聚劑和絮凝劑的添加量可在提高污泥脫水性能的同時降低污泥粘滯力。
[Abstract]:During the past 30 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly. With the acceleration of the industrialization process, sewage discharge is increasing day by day. The excess sludge produced by sewage treatment contains a large number of pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals and other harmful substances. It is easy to pollute the soil, water and atmosphere without reasonable treatment, and to pose a great threat to human health and environmental safety. The water content of excess sludge produced by sewage treatment plants is too high to meet the requirements of sludge disposal. Therefore, before the sludge is disposed of, it is necessary to dewatering the surplus sludge mechanically or even by heat drying, so that the moisture content of the sludge can be reduced to a lower level. Because of the viscosity of the sludge, in the process of sludge dewatering, The phenomenon of wall adhesion and agglomeration is easy to occur, which increases the running load of the machine, increases the energy consumption and reduces the efficiency. In this paper, the effects of additives on sludge dewatering and viscosity characteristics were studied, and three kinds of common conditioners, inorganic small molecule coagulant ferric chloride, were selected. Inorganic polymer coagulant polyferric chloride and organic polymer flocculant polyacrylamide. In the experiment of dehydration performance, the effects of additives on water content of centrifugal sludge, zeta potential of supernatant and particle size of sludge floc were studied. In the experiment of viscosity characteristic, an experimental device was designed to measure the adhesion and adhesion of sludge, and the adhesion and adhesion of sludge with different concentration of coagulant and flocculant were tested. The effect of additives on sludge viscosity was studied. The results showed that the amount of inorganic coagulant used in sludge conditioning was larger than that of organic polymer flocculant, and the surface charge of sludge floc particles was neutralized obviously. The polyacrylamide used in this experiment is a non-ionic organic polymer flocculant, so it has little effect on the surface charge of sludge flocs, but with the increase of the amount of flocculant, the particle size of flocs can be increased effectively. In the dehydration experiment, the moisture content of centrifugal sludge was affected by the conditioner, and the sludge treated by inorganic cationic coagulant had lower water content when the absolute value of zeta potential was low. The water content of sludge treated with organic macromolecule flocculant decreased first and then increased with the increase of the added amount, so the optimum addition amount of inorganic cationic coagulant and organic high molecular flocculant could be determined respectively. Both inorganic cationic coagulant and organic macromolecule flocculant have great influence on sludge viscosity. The adhesion force decreases with the increase of coagulant and flocculant content, and then increases with the increase of coagulant and flocculant content. In order to reduce the adhesion and adhesion of sludge, the optimal addition amount can be selected. By comparing with the experiment of dewatering, it can be seen that the optimal addition quantity of increasing sludge dewatering performance is similar to that of reducing sludge viscosity. Reasonable selection of coagulant and flocculant can improve sludge dewatering performance and reduce sludge viscosity.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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