成都市龍泉驛區(qū)降水有機(jī)酸研究
本文選題:降水 切入點(diǎn):有機(jī)酸 出處:《四川師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
【摘要】:降水有機(jī)酸主要是指能溶于水的有機(jī)酸,主要包括甲酸、乙酸、草酸等,研究降水中有機(jī)酸一方面能反應(yīng)對(duì)酸雨的影響,另一方面在一定程度反應(yīng)其來源如植被釋放、人類活動(dòng)的排放等。以前大多數(shù)的研究主要集中對(duì)酸雨中無機(jī)酸的研究,而對(duì)降水中有機(jī)酸的研究則相對(duì)比較少,前人的研究也僅對(duì)有機(jī)酸在時(shí)間尺度上進(jìn)行季節(jié)濃度變化及來源分析。隨著汽車保有量的增加、光化學(xué)煙霧現(xiàn)象增多以及工業(yè)廢氣排放增大等,光化學(xué)氧化形成的降水有機(jī)酸有可能有增加趨勢(shì),有必要對(duì)降水中有機(jī)酸的來源尤其是化學(xué)源進(jìn)行分析。本文選取降水中甲酸、乙酸、甲醛、臭氧等多個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行分析,運(yùn)用離子色譜法和原子吸收法對(duì)無機(jī)陰陽(yáng)離子成分進(jìn)行了測(cè)定,獲取該研究區(qū)域濕沉降化學(xué)成分特征。利用相關(guān)分析和主成分分析法對(duì)樣品中組分進(jìn)行分析,嘗試探索有機(jī)酸的來源與形成,對(duì)酸雨的影響與形成,以便為今后的降水有機(jī)酸研究和管理提供一定的依據(jù)。在本次研究過程中得到的主要結(jié)論有:(1)在采集到的降水樣品有機(jī)酸中乙酸的含量最高,其次是甲酸,草酸最低,有機(jī)酸總體濃度水平為3.2056mg/L,占陰離子總和的18%,數(shù)據(jù)表明龍泉驛區(qū)無機(jī)酸是研究降水酸度的重要成分,但也不能忽視有機(jī)酸對(duì)酸度的貢獻(xiàn)。(2)在相關(guān)性分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)甲酸和乙酸的相關(guān)性較好,這種強(qiáng)的相關(guān)表明了甲酸和乙酸具有相似的排放強(qiáng)度或排放源。降水中的陽(yáng)離子與有機(jī)酸的相關(guān)性相對(duì)較低,表明有機(jī)酸的來源與陽(yáng)離子有著不顯著的相關(guān)性。(3)降水中有機(jī)酸主要來自人為排放。(4)初期雨水和完整雨水樣品的濃度對(duì)比分析得出乙酸和草酸主要以云下沖刷為主,甲酸既有云下沖刷也有可能在降雨的過程中還有別的甲酸來源,比如光化學(xué)氧化產(chǎn)生的甲酸。
[Abstract]:Organic acids in precipitation mainly refer to organic acids that are soluble in water, including formic acid, acetic acid, oxalic acid, etc. On the one hand, the effects of organic acids in precipitation on acid rain are studied. On the other hand, to a certain extent, it reflects the source of organic acids, such as the release of vegetation. Most previous studies focused on inorganic acids in acid rain, but relatively little on organic acids in precipitation. Previous studies only analyzed the seasonal concentration and source of organic acids on a time scale. With the increase of vehicle ownership, the photochemical smog phenomenon and industrial exhaust emissions increased, and so on. The organic acid in precipitation formed by photochemical oxidation may have an increasing trend, so it is necessary to analyze the source of organic acid in precipitation, especially the chemical source. In this paper, some indexes, such as formic acid, acetic acid, formaldehyde, ozone and so on, are selected to analyze. The chemical constituents of inorganic anion and anion were determined by ion chromatography and atomic absorption spectrometry, and the chemical composition characteristics of wet deposition in the study area were obtained. The components in the samples were analyzed by correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Try to explore the source and formation of organic acids, the influence and formation of acid rain, In order to provide some basis for the future research and management of organic acids in precipitation. The main conclusions obtained in this research process are: the content of acetic acid in the samples of precipitation is the highest, followed by formic acid, oxalic acid is the lowest. The total concentration level of organic acid is 3.2056 mg / L, accounting for 18% of the total anions. The data show that inorganic acid in Longquanyi area is an important component in the study of precipitation acidity. However, the contribution of organic acids to acidity can not be ignored.) in the correlation analysis, it is found that the correlation between formic acid and acetic acid is better. This strong correlation indicates that formic acid and acetic acid have similar emission intensity or source. The results showed that there was no significant correlation between the source of organic acids and cations. (3) the organic acids in precipitation mainly came from anthropogenic emissions. (4) the concentration comparison of Rain Water and complete Rain Water samples in the early stage showed that acetic acid and oxalic acid were mainly washed under the cloud. Formic acid can be scoured under clouds or possibly from other sources of formic acid during rainfall, such as formic acid produced by photochemical oxidation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:四川師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:X517
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