本文選題：氮濕沉降　切入點(diǎn)：降雨量　出處：《重慶三峽學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：大氣氮沉降,作為全球氮循環(huán)的一個(gè)重要組成部分,在中國近幾十年急劇增長。雖然這些氮對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的輸入能增加食物產(chǎn)量和刺激植物生長,但過量的氮輸入也對(duì)自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和人類帶來一系列的負(fù)面影響,包括土壤和水體酸化、土壤緩沖能力和生物多樣性降低、人類健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增大及溫室氣體失衡等�？梢�,區(qū)域氮沉降及其生態(tài)效應(yīng)已成為研究熱點(diǎn),開展大氣氮沉降的研究勢(shì)在必行。三峽庫區(qū)是長江中上游地區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境屏障和西部生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)的重點(diǎn),其大氣環(huán)境變化已越來越受到關(guān)注�；诘两迪嚓P(guān)研究較少和庫區(qū)生態(tài)的敏感性,本研究立足于三峽庫區(qū)腹地,選擇典型功能區(qū),利用APS-3A型降水降塵自動(dòng)采樣器,于2014年7月～2016年5月對(duì)三峽庫區(qū)腹地萬州(城區(qū))和高陽(鎮(zhèn)郊)進(jìn)行了近2年的大氣氮濕沉降和降水酸度等定位觀測(cè),本研究不僅能為庫區(qū)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀評(píng)價(jià)提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),還能對(duì)完善三峽庫區(qū)腹地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)氮素資源管理與評(píng)價(jià)等具有十分重要的科學(xué)意義。取得了如下主要研究結(jié)論:1.萬州降水pH月均加權(quán)值為5.47,酸雨發(fā)生頻率為40.85%;月均降雨量為90.0 mm,年均降雨量達(dá)1079,7 mm,可溶性無機(jī)氮(DIN)、銨態(tài)氮(NH4+-N)和硝態(tài)氮(NO_3~--N)年均沉降通量分別達(dá)12.40、8.18和4.22 kgN,hm~(-2)·a-1,銨態(tài)氮/硝態(tài)氮平均比值為1.79。2.高陽降水pH月均加權(quán)值為5.49.酸雨發(fā)生頻率為33.93%;月均降雨量為69.4 mm,年均降雨量達(dá)832.8 mm,DIN、NH4+-N和NO_3~--N年均沉降通量分別達(dá)6.40、4.05和2.35 kgN·hm~(-2)·a-1,銨態(tài)氮/硝態(tài)氮平均比值為1.61。3.將監(jiān)測(cè)期內(nèi)兩地NH_4~--N、NO_3~--N和DIN年均濃度和年均通量值與部分研究結(jié)果對(duì)比.兩地3種無機(jī)氮濃度均低于重慶近郊(沙坪壩區(qū))、遠(yuǎn)郊(北碚區(qū)歇馬場(chǎng))和林區(qū)(仙女山國家森林公園)的濃度,高于受人類活動(dòng)影響較小的海北和林芝等地,而兩個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的3種無機(jī)氮年沉降通量分別低于大部分相同下墊面類型的監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn),綜合分析.得出本研究區(qū)的NH4+-N、NO3.--N和DIN濃度均處于中等水平,年均通量值處于較低水平,但受人為活動(dòng)影響比較嚴(yán)重。4.通過對(duì)兩地降水進(jìn)行后向軌跡分析,得出兩地降水氣團(tuán)均主要來自于西北和西南方向.兩地降水均受陸地性氣團(tuán)的作用強(qiáng)于海洋性氣團(tuán)。
[Abstract]:Atmospheric nitrogen deposition, an important part of the global nitrogen cycle, has grown dramatically in China in recent decades. However, excessive nitrogen input also has a series of negative effects on natural ecosystems and human beings, including acidification of soil and water bodies, reduction of soil buffer capacity and biodiversity, increased risks to human health and imbalance of greenhouse gases. Regional nitrogen deposition and its ecological effects have become a hot research topic, and it is imperative to carry out the research on atmospheric nitrogen deposition. The three Gorges Reservoir area is the focus of ecological environmental barrier in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the ecological environment construction in the western part of China. The change of atmospheric environment has been paid more and more attention. Based on the less research on nitrogen deposition and the ecological sensitivity of the reservoir area, this study is based on the hinterland of the three Gorges Reservoir area, selects the typical function area, and makes use of the APS-3A automatic sampler for precipitation and dust fall. The atmospheric nitrogen wet deposition and precipitation acidity of Wanzhou (urban) and Gaoyang (suburbs) in the hinterland of the three Gorges Reservoir area were observed from July 2014 to May 2016. This study can not only provide the basic data for the assessment of the environmental situation in the reservoir area. It is also of great scientific significance to improve the management and evaluation of nitrogen resources in the ecosystem of the hinterland of the three Gorges Reservoir area. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. The average monthly weighted value of precipitation pH in Wanzhou is 5.47, the frequency of acid rain is 40.85, and the frequency of acid rain is 40.85 per month. The average precipitation was 90.0 mm, and the average annual rainfall was 1079 mm. The average annual deposition fluxes of soluble inorganic nitrogen (DINN), ammonium nitrogen (NH _ 4-N) and nitrate-N (no _ 3-N) were 12.40 ~ 8.18 and 4.22 kg / h ~ (-1) 路a ~ (-1), respectively. The average ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was 1.79.2. The average weighted value of precipitation pH was 5.49 in a month. The frequency of acid rain is 33.93, the average monthly rainfall is 69.4 mm, the average annual precipitation is 832.8 mm, the annual sedimentation fluxes of NH _ 4-N and NO_3~--N are 6.404.05 and 2.35 kgN 路hm ~ (-2) 路a ~ (-1) 路a ~ (-1) respectively, the average ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen is 1.61.3. The average annual concentration and annual average annual concentration of NH _ 4-N and DIN in both places are 1.61.3. The concentration of inorganic nitrogen in the two places was lower than that in the suburbs of Chongqing (Shapingba District, Beibei District (Xianmenshan National Forest Park) and Beibei District), and the concentration of inorganic nitrogen in the two places was lower than that in Chongqing suburb (Shapingba District, Beibei District) and Forest area (Xianyushan National Forest Park). The annual deposition fluxes of three kinds of inorganic nitrogen at the two monitoring sites are lower than those of most of the same underlying surface types, respectively, which are higher than those of Haibei and Linzhi, which are less affected by human activities. The comprehensive analysis shows that the concentrations of NH4 -NCO _ 3.-N and DIN in this study area are both in the medium level, and the average annual mean value is at a lower level, but is seriously affected by human activities. Through the analysis of the precipitation in the two places, the backward trajectory analysis is carried out. It is concluded that the precipitation air masses in the two places are mainly from the northwest and southwest, and the precipitation of both places is stronger than that of the oceanic air masses.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶三峽學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X51

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