本文選題：檸檬酸發(fā)酵液　切入點(diǎn)：土壤　出處：《云南民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：土壤淋洗修復(fù)技術(shù)得以發(fā)展和應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵在于找到一種經(jīng)濟(jì)、環(huán)保、適用的淋洗液,新型淋洗液的開發(fā)和現(xiàn)有淋洗液的改良在淋洗技術(shù)的研究和應(yīng)用中都顯得極其重要。本課題采用制備的檸檬酸發(fā)酵液為淋洗液進(jìn)行重金屬污染土壤的淋洗修復(fù),以重金屬復(fù)合污染高原紅壤和礦區(qū)Pb污染土壤為作用對象開展研究,著重對檸檬酸發(fā)酵液和檸檬酸發(fā)酵液與皂素復(fù)合淋洗液的淋洗性能進(jìn)行了探究。具體研究內(nèi)容如下:1、土壤理化性質(zhì)及重金屬賦存形態(tài)分析:以Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd復(fù)合污染高原紅壤為例,對土壤pH、含水量、有機(jī)質(zhì)、陽離子交換量、堿解氮、粒徑分布等基本理化參數(shù)進(jìn)行了測定;建立了重金屬含量分析方法,進(jìn)行了加標(biāo)回收實(shí)驗(yàn),并采用BCR形態(tài)分析法對重金屬在土壤中的賦存形態(tài)進(jìn)行了分析。2、檸檬酸發(fā)酵液的制備及其淋洗性能研究:以黑曲霉為菌種,通過微生物發(fā)酵技術(shù)制備了檸檬酸發(fā)酵液,采用振蕩淋洗實(shí)驗(yàn)對其淋洗效果進(jìn)行了探究,Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd的去除率分別為:48.19%、30.56%、43.65%、58.43%,優(yōu)于檸檬酸溶液的去除效果。探究了檸檬酸發(fā)酵液濃度、液固比、pH、淋洗時(shí)間對去除率的影響,動(dòng)力學(xué)擬合表明雙常數(shù)方程和Elovich方程能較好的描述Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd的解吸行為,且Elovich方程優(yōu)于雙常數(shù)方程,重金屬的淋洗去除是一個(gè)非均相擴(kuò)散過程。對淋洗前后的土壤重金屬進(jìn)行了BCR形態(tài)分析,結(jié)果表明,酸可提取態(tài)Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd的去除效果最好,其次是可還原態(tài),可氧化態(tài)和殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)的去除則不明顯。采用FTIR、XRD、SEM技術(shù)對淋洗前后的土壤進(jìn)行了光譜學(xué)特性分析,結(jié)果表明,檸檬酸發(fā)酵液對土壤的礦物組成僅有一個(gè)較小的影響,對土壤體系的結(jié)構(gòu)不造成破壞。3、基于檸檬酸發(fā)酵液的復(fù)合淋洗體系的構(gòu)建和應(yīng)用:采用檸檬酸發(fā)酵液和皂素構(gòu)建了一個(gè)復(fù)合淋洗體系,對Pb、Cu、Cr、Cd均有較好的淋洗去除效果,其中,Pb的去除率明顯高于單獨(dú)使用檸檬酸發(fā)酵液或皂素溶液的去除率。在后續(xù)研究中,將復(fù)合淋洗液應(yīng)用于礦區(qū)Pb污染土壤的淋洗修復(fù),解吸動(dòng)力學(xué)過程可用雙常數(shù)方程和Elovich方程進(jìn)行擬合。探究了復(fù)合淋洗液對不同粒徑土壤中Pb的去除效果,結(jié)果表明,較大粒徑土壤中的Pb相對更容易去除。在單因素實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,采用星點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)-響應(yīng)面分析法探究了皂素濃度、液固比和淋洗時(shí)間對淋洗去除效果的影響,各因素的影響程度為:液固比淋洗時(shí)間皂素濃度,且淋洗時(shí)間和液固比間存在交互作用,此外,響應(yīng)面優(yōu)化條件下,Pb的去除率達(dá)到56.20%,與預(yù)測值接近。淋洗前后土壤Pb的BCR形態(tài)分析表明,復(fù)合淋洗液能夠有效去除活性態(tài)Pb。
[Abstract]:The key to the development and application of soil leaching and remediation technology is to find an economical, environmentally friendly, and suitable leaching solution. The development of new leaching solution and the improvement of existing leaching solution are very important in the research and application of leaching technology. The effects of heavy metals on red soil in plateau and Pb contaminated soil in mining area were studied. The elution properties of citric acid fermentation broth and citric acid fermentation broth combined with saponin were studied. The contents of the study are as follows: 1. Physical and chemical properties of soil and analysis of heavy metal species. The physical and chemical parameters of soil pH, water content, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and particle size distribution were determined. The forms of heavy metals in soil were analyzed by BCR speciation analysis. The preparation of citric acid fermentation broth and its elution performance were studied. The citric acid fermentation broth was prepared by microbial fermentation with Aspergillus Niger as strain. The elution effect was studied by oscillatory elution experiment. The removal rates of CD and CD were: 1: 48.19 and 30.5656 / 43.65 respectively, which was superior to that of citric acid solution. The effects of the concentration of citric acid fermentation broth, the ratio of liquid to solid pH, and the elution time on the removal rate were investigated. The kinetic fitting shows that the double constant equation and Elovich equation can better describe the desorption behavior of PbCU / Cr-CD, and the Elovich equation is superior to the double constant equation. The leaching and removal of heavy metals is a heterogeneous diffusion process. The BCR speciation analysis of heavy metals in soils before and after leaching shows that the removal efficiency of acid extractable PbCU Cr-Cr and CD is the best, followed by the reducible state. The results showed that the citric acid fermentation liquid had only a small effect on the mineral composition of the soil, and the spectroscopic properties of the soil before and after leaching were analyzed by FTIRN XRDX SEM. The results showed that the effect of citric acid fermentation broth on the mineral composition of the soil was only a little less than that of the citric acid fermentation broth. Construction and application of compound leaching system based on citric acid fermentation broth: a compound leaching system was constructed by using citric acid fermentation broth and saponin. The removal rate of Pb was significantly higher than that of citric acid fermentation broth or saponin solution alone. In the follow-up study, the compound eluate was applied to the leaching and remediation of Pb contaminated soil in mining area. The desorption kinetics can be fitted by double constant equation and Elovich equation. On the basis of single factor experiments, the effects of saponin concentration, liquid-solid ratio and elution time on the elution removal efficiency were investigated by star design-response surface analysis. The influence degree of each factor is as follows: the concentration of saponin in liquid-solid ratio elution time, and the interaction between elution time and liquid-solid ratio, in addition, Under the optimum conditions of response surface, the removal rate of Pb reached 56.20, which was close to the predicted value. The BCR speciation analysis of soil Pb before and after leaching showed that the compound eluate could effectively remove active Pb.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53;TQ921.1

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