發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-24 06:55

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì) 環(huán)境治理 政府法律責(zé)任 公民環(huán)境權(quán)利　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：20世紀(jì)80年代,"風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)"作為社會(huì)學(xué)概念首次被提出,因其重要的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值和對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的關(guān)照,學(xué)術(shù)界很快便對(duì)其展開了深入地研究。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)的提出者烏爾里�！へ惪�(Ulrich Beck)認(rèn)為,不同于以往相對(duì)安定的社會(huì)生活樣態(tài),風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)揭示了這樣一個(gè)令人不安的事實(shí):即人類時(shí)刻處在自己制造的威脅之中。風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)具有高度的不確定性等特征,而這加劇了人類對(duì)當(dāng)下和未來生活的擔(dān)憂,與此同時(shí)也對(duì)政府法律責(zé)任及行政規(guī)制提出新的挑戰(zhàn)。改革開放以降,我國(guó)的物質(zhì)財(cái)富積累和科學(xué)技術(shù)發(fā)展速度引起了世界的矚目,隨之而來的是很多前所未有的新型環(huán)境問題紛至沓來。政府作為環(huán)境治理的主導(dǎo)力量,有責(zé)任應(yīng)對(duì)和處理新型環(huán)境問題帶來的危害,隨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)理論被運(yùn)用到法學(xué)領(lǐng)域中,越來越多的人開始將兩者進(jìn)行結(jié)合研究,以期開辟出一條解決政府環(huán)境法律責(zé)任,改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量的新路徑。近年來,中央對(duì)環(huán)境工作高度重視,立法層面也在逐步健全完善。同時(shí)隨著行政法治及環(huán)境法治的發(fā)展,人與環(huán)境之間激烈的矛盾似有所緩解。但我們也要看到,我國(guó)環(huán)境治理多年來"屢治不靈"的重要原因在于"治民"有余,"治官"不足,具體表現(xiàn)為對(duì)政府環(huán)境法律責(zé)任的規(guī)定含糊不清,權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系錯(cuò)位。捋順政府、公民、環(huán)境三者的關(guān)系,確定環(huán)境法律責(zé)任主體,成為了治理環(huán)境問題的關(guān)鍵。本文分為四個(gè)部分。文章第一部分介紹了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)的基本情況并對(duì)其進(jìn)行理論梳理,總結(jié)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)的特征,并結(jié)合近些年來在我國(guó)發(fā)生的比較嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染事件,試圖證明以下觀點(diǎn):即目前我國(guó)在環(huán)境問題方面,已經(jīng)屬于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大的國(guó)家,甚至已經(jīng)邁入了以環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為特征的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)。在文章的第二部分中,主要說明了為何使用法律規(guī)制的途徑作為解決環(huán)境問題手段,即政府環(huán)境法律理論的理論基礎(chǔ)問題,由此在理論上確定了政府的在環(huán)境的相關(guān)治理上的主要責(zé)任,同時(shí)指出在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)社會(huì)背景下對(duì)政府治理環(huán)境問題提出了新挑戰(zhàn)。文章第三部分結(jié)合實(shí)例對(duì)目前政府在環(huán)境責(zé)任承擔(dān)上存在的問題進(jìn)行分析,并試圖總結(jié)出現(xiàn)問題的原因。文章第四部分是在前面分析的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國(guó)的實(shí)際情況,提出了一些完善我國(guó)政府環(huán)境法律責(zé)任的對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:In 1980s, the "risk society" as a sociological concept was put forward for the first time, because of its important academic value and care about reality, the academic circles quickly carried out in-depth study. The risk society author Ulrich Beck (Ulrich Beck) believes that social life like state is different from the relatively stable. The risk society reveals such a disturbing fact that at the moment of their human threat. The risk society has a high degree of uncertainty and other characteristics, which exacerbated the human on the present and future concerns, also put forward a new challenge to the government's legal responsibility and administrative regulation. At the same time to reform and opening up in China, the accumulation of material wealth and the speed of science and technology development has attracted worldwide attention, there is a lot of new environmental problems come in a throng as hitherto unknown. The government environmental governance The leading force, have harm responsibility to cope with new environmental problems, with the risk society theory was applied to the field of law, more and more people begin to combine the two studies, in order to open up a solution to environmental responsibility of government, the new path to improve the environmental quality. In recent years, central to the environment attaches great importance to the work of the legislative level is gradually perfect. At the same time with the development of administrative law and environmental law, the fierce contradiction between people and the environment like eased. But we also see that China's environmental governance for many years repeatedly rule is "an important reason lies in the" people "rather than" government officials "lack of specific performance requirements for the environmental responsibility of the government clear, straight dislocation. The relationship between rights and obligations of citizens, government, relationship between the environment three, determine the environmental legal responsibility subject, as in order to control environmental problems. Key. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the basic situation of the risk society and the theory, and summarize the characteristics of risk society, and in recent years more serious environmental pollution incidents occurred in China, trying to prove the idea that at present our country in the aspect of environment, already belongs to country risk is bigger, even has entered the environmental risk characteristics of risk society. In the second part, mainly illustrates the way why the use of legal regulation as a solution environment problem, which is the basic theory problems of environmental law theory of the government, resulting in the related governance environment on the government's main responsibility is determined in theory, also pointed out that under the background of risk society as a new challenge to the government governance environment is put forward. The third part of this article based on the current government in environmental liability bearing The paper analyzes the existing problems, and tries to summarize the reasons for the problems. The fourth part is based on the previous analysis and combined with the actual situation of China, it puts forward some countermeasures to improve our government's environmental legal liability.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D922.68

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本文編號(hào)：1459437