本文關(guān)鍵詞： 廢舊橡膠 電磁仿真 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì) 裂解設(shè)備 微波裂解　出處：《青島科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：裂解已成為廢舊橡膠綠色資源化循環(huán)利用最有效方法之一。如果裂解工藝方法得當(dāng),完全可滿足處理量大、效益高和環(huán)境污染性小等要求,既可解決當(dāng)前廢舊橡膠制品所產(chǎn)生的“黑色污染”問題,又可緩解當(dāng)前石化燃料減少和能源價(jià)格高漲的緊張情勢(shì)。利用微波裂解廢舊橡膠的技術(shù)所產(chǎn)生的巨大經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會(huì)效益已受到世界各國(guó)業(yè)界學(xué)者的高度關(guān)注。微波具有加熱速度快、穿透性強(qiáng)、無污染等特點(diǎn)。本文闡述了廢舊橡膠的微波裂解機(jī)理。針對(duì)膠粉在微波裂解設(shè)備的位置對(duì)裂解速率及能耗的影響,透波材料表面炭黑的附著對(duì)裂解速率及能耗的影響,微波裂解設(shè)備材質(zhì)的選擇對(duì)微波能量損耗的影響,依據(jù)微波理論并使用電磁仿真軟件HFSS進(jìn)行了模擬分析。研究表明,廢舊橡膠與裂解腔金屬底板有一個(gè)最佳高度尺寸,廢舊橡膠在此位置吸收的微波能最多,裂解率最高,即裂解速率最快;透波材料表面炭黑的附著會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響矩形波導(dǎo)中微波能量的傳輸率及增加反射率,應(yīng)添加鴨嘴型氮?dú)鈬娮煅b置對(duì)透波材料表面產(chǎn)生吹掃及冷卻作用;裂解設(shè)備采用不同的金屬材料時(shí),所產(chǎn)生的腔壁損耗不同。以電磁仿真結(jié)果為依據(jù),對(duì)整套隧道窯式膠粉連續(xù)裂解裝置進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。裂解設(shè)備整體分為進(jìn)料部分、裂解部分和出料部分。進(jìn)料部分出料部分采用螺旋結(jié)構(gòu);裂解部分采用隧道窯式馬蹄鏈推進(jìn)裂解結(jié)構(gòu),微波源采用多組磁控管組合的形式。確定了裂解物料位于裂解腔的最佳位置、矩形波導(dǎo)的排列、裂解腔傳動(dòng)軸端密封結(jié)構(gòu)。優(yōu)化后的隧道窯式膠粉連續(xù)裂解裝置具有穩(wěn)定的微波傳輸率,減少墻壁能量損耗,解決了裂解氣泄漏問題,提高了設(shè)備安全性及穩(wěn)定性,提高了能量利用率,裂解效率大幅提高。對(duì)隧道窯式膠粉連續(xù)裂解裝置進(jìn)行了廢舊橡膠的連續(xù)化實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明優(yōu)化后的隧道窯式膠粉連續(xù)裂解裝置連續(xù)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定,廢舊橡膠溫升快、裂解程度高,裂解得到的炭黑、裂解氣和裂解油品質(zhì)高,裂解耗能低,符合預(yù)期效果。
[Abstract]:Pyrolysis has become one of the most effective methods for recycling waste rubber. If the pyrolysis process is proper, it can completely meet the requirements of large amount of treatment, high efficiency and low environmental pollution. It can solve the problem of "black pollution" caused by waste rubber products. At the same time, it can alleviate the tension of the reduction of fossil fuels and the rising of energy price. The enormous economic and social benefits caused by microwave pyrolysis of waste rubber have been highly concerned by scholars all over the world. Microwave has fast heating speed. In this paper, the microwave cracking mechanism of waste rubber is described. The influence of rubber powder position in microwave pyrolysis equipment on cracking rate and energy consumption is discussed. The influence of the adhesion of carbon black on the surface of the wave-permeable material on the rate of pyrolysis and energy consumption, and the influence of the choice of the material of microwave pyrolysis equipment on the microwave energy loss. According to the microwave theory and the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS, the results show that the scrap rubber and the metal floor of the cracking chamber have an optimum height. The waste rubber absorbs the most microwave energy and the highest cracking rate in this position, that is, the cracking rate is the fastest. The adhesion of carbon black on the surface of the permeable material will seriously affect the transmission rate of microwave energy and increase the reflectivity in the rectangular waveguide. The effect of blowing and cooling on the surface of the permeable material should be produced by adding the duckbill type nitrogen nozzle device. When different metal materials are used in the pyrolysis equipment, the cavity wall loss is different, which is based on the results of electromagnetic simulation. The whole equipment is divided into three parts: feeding part, cracking part and discharging part. The pyrolysis part uses the tunnel kiln horseshoe chain to push the pyrolysis structure, the microwave source adopts the multi-group magnetron combination form. The optimum position of the pyrolysis material in the cracking cavity and the arrangement of the rectangular waveguide are determined. The optimized tunnel kiln rubber powder continuous cracking device has stable microwave transmission rate, reduces wall energy loss, and solves the problem of cracking gas leakage. The safety and stability of the equipment were improved, the energy utilization ratio and the cracking efficiency were greatly improved. The continuous test of waste rubber was carried out on the continuous cracking unit of rubber powder in tunnel kiln. The results show that the optimized continuous cracking unit of tunnel kiln rubber powder is stable, the waste rubber temperature rises quickly, the cracking degree is high, the quality of cracking carbon black, cracking gas and cracking oil is high, and the energy consumption of cracking is low. In line with the desired effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：青島科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X705

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