本文關(guān)鍵詞： 漬水 健康危害評(píng)估 發(fā)光細(xì)菌法　出處：《衛(wèi)生研究》2017年06期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：目的對(duì)城市漬水理化指標(biāo)、微生物指標(biāo)及生物綜合毒性進(jìn)行持續(xù)監(jiān)測。方法以武漢市洪山區(qū)的南湖雅園、板橋社區(qū)和新洲區(qū)的新湖村作為漬水社區(qū)監(jiān)測點(diǎn),同時(shí)選擇與漬水區(qū)相鄰的南湖、野芷湖、沙河作為地表水監(jiān)測點(diǎn),持續(xù)監(jiān)測漬水中理化指標(biāo)、微生物指標(biāo)及生物綜合毒性。采用非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行濃度分布差異分析。結(jié)果城市漬水感官性狀指標(biāo)普遍不佳,且隨漬水時(shí)間延長逐漸惡化。一般化學(xué)指標(biāo)中,p H值漬水初期處于較高水平并隨時(shí)間逐漸降低;高錳酸鹽指數(shù)(耗氧量)一直維持在較高水平(3.83~8.16 mg/L);亞硝酸鹽氮漬水初期隨時(shí)間逐步升高,在2~3天的平臺(tái)期后隨時(shí)間逐步降低;漬水中氯化物含量與對(duì)應(yīng)地表水中氯化物相關(guān)。毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)(砷、鉛、汞)未檢出。微生物指標(biāo)中糞大腸菌群檢出率為47%,未檢出致病性病原微生物(大腸桿菌O157、霍亂弧菌、志賀菌、沙門菌、金黃色葡萄球菌)及輪狀病毒、諾如病毒。漬水水樣對(duì)發(fā)光細(xì)菌(費(fèi)希爾弧菌)的發(fā)光強(qiáng)度抑制率低于30%。結(jié)論武漢市漬水存在感官性狀指標(biāo)惡劣及有機(jī)污染、人畜糞便污染的現(xiàn)象,但是漬水災(zāi)區(qū)居民通過皮膚暴露或呼吸道暴露導(dǎo)致健康危害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較小。漬水消退后,漬水小區(qū)內(nèi)、外環(huán)境只需進(jìn)行常規(guī)預(yù)防性消毒即可保障安全;發(fā)光細(xì)菌法檢測結(jié)果與毒理學(xué)指標(biāo)檢測結(jié)果一致性較好。
[Abstract]:Objective to continuously monitor the physicochemical index, microbial index and biological comprehensive toxicity of urban waterlogging. Methods Nanhu Yayuan, Banqiao Community and Xinhu Village in Hongshan District of Wuhan City were used as the monitoring points of waterlogging community. At the same time, Nanhu Lake, Yezhi Lake and Shahe River, which are adjacent to waterlogging area, are selected as surface water monitoring points to continuously monitor the physical and chemical indexes of waterlogging. Non-parametric test was used to analyze the difference of concentration distribution. Results the sensory characteristics of urban waterlogging were generally poor and deteriorated gradually with the extension of waterlogging time. The pH value of waterlogging was at a higher level at the beginning of waterlogging and gradually decreased with time. The permanganate index (oxygen consumption) has been maintained at a high level of 3.83 ~ 8.16 mg / L ~ (-1); Nitrite nitrogen increased gradually at the beginning of the waterlogging period, and decreased gradually with the time after the platform period of 2 ~ 3 days. The content of chloride in waterlogging water was related to the chlorides in surface water. The toxicological index (arsenic, lead, mercury) was not detected. The detection rate of fecal coliform bacteria in microbial index was 47%. No pathogenic microorganisms (E. coli O157, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus) and rotavirus were detected. The inhibition rate of luminous intensity on luminescent bacteria (Vibrio Fischer) in waterlogging water samples was lower than 30. Conclusion the phenomenon of poor sensory characteristics and organic pollution and pollution of human and animal feces exists in waterlogging in Wuhan. However, the risk of health hazard caused by skin exposure or respiratory tract exposure of residents in waterlogging disaster area is relatively small. After waterlogging recedes, only routine preventive disinfection is needed to ensure safety in waterlogging area. The result of luminescent bacteria method is consistent with that of toxicology index.
【作者單位】： 武漢市疾病預(yù)防控制中心;
【分類號(hào)】：X832
【正文快照】： 2016年湖北武漢遭遇特大洪水,其間又連續(xù)發(fā)生多輪強(qiáng)降雨,導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村地區(qū)堤壩潰口、中心城區(qū)積水無處排放,武漢市城鄉(xiāng)均出現(xiàn)了漬水多日不退的情況。漬水現(xiàn)象在全國各地強(qiáng)降水發(fā)生后均有出現(xiàn),由于持續(xù)時(shí)間短,并未引起學(xué)術(shù)界對(duì)其健康影響研究的重視。但是本次洪澇災(zāi)害期間,武漢市漬，

本文編號(hào)：1450367