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河北平鄉(xiāng)太平道文化重構(gòu)研究

發(fā)布時間:2018-07-18 15:29
【摘要】:太平道的產(chǎn)生標(biāo)志著道教的正式形成。東漢末年,內(nèi)憂外患的社會政治環(huán)境給太平道提供了發(fā)生的時代背景。與此同時,漢末高度發(fā)展的思想文化,即老子之道與《太平經(jīng)》給太平道提供了發(fā)展的思想淵源。在經(jīng)歷了一系列演進(jìn)之后,太平道因黃巾大起義的發(fā)生而走向式微,但在中國道教發(fā)展史上,原始道教之一的太平道上承黃老之道,下啟符篆派道教,意義深遠(yuǎn)。河北平鄉(xiāng)太平道歷史文化深厚豐富。公元前221年,秦統(tǒng)一天下為三十六郡,現(xiàn)在的平鄉(xiāng)屬于當(dāng)時的重郡鉅鹿郡治所在地。因此,現(xiàn)代的河北平鄉(xiāng)縣是東漢太平道發(fā)生發(fā)展的區(qū)域之一,而且是太平道領(lǐng)袖張角的故鄉(xiāng)。由于這種歷史上的關(guān)聯(lián)性,近年來,河北平鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)開全國之先河開始對太平道文化在該地區(qū)進(jìn)行嘗試性的重構(gòu),目前尚處于起始階段。河北平鄉(xiāng)對太平道文化進(jìn)行重構(gòu),遵循著這樣的一種思路,即從太平道文化重構(gòu)的主體及其場所、宗教儀式、黃巾民俗這三個主要方面展開,逐漸走出了一條具有地方特色和現(xiàn)代價值的宗教文化重構(gòu)之路。這種重構(gòu)使得歷史上的古宗教文化在現(xiàn)代煥發(fā)出了“新的生命”,它不僅給道教現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展以啟示,更對平鄉(xiāng)縣的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了極具價值的影響。學(xué)界一直以來在地域分布、宗教學(xué)、歷史學(xué)、哲學(xué)、藝術(shù)甚至?、辨?zhèn)、?xùn)詁、音韻、語法、詞匯、文獻(xiàn)比較研究等各個視角都研究過太平道以及其經(jīng)典《太平經(jīng)》,這是研究早期道教的一個關(guān)鍵。本文擬從文化重構(gòu)的視角調(diào)研河北平鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)現(xiàn)代的太平道文化,研究當(dāng)?shù)靥降牢幕诂F(xiàn)代社會的重構(gòu)過程,這對于太平道文化的研究是一個突破。本論文分為六個部分。第一,緒論。論述了論文的研究緣起與意義、研究現(xiàn)狀、創(chuàng)新之處以及田野點(diǎn)概況。對河北平鄉(xiāng)太平道文化重構(gòu)進(jìn)行研究緣起于2013年中央民族大學(xué)哲學(xué)與宗教學(xué)學(xué)院在平鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)建立了太平道文化教學(xué)研究基地。筆者為了尋求太平道研究的進(jìn)一步突破,確定了以文化重構(gòu)的視角來看待現(xiàn)代平鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)的太平道文化發(fā)展,在廣泛閱讀有關(guān)太平道的歷史文獻(xiàn)之后,運(yùn)用田野調(diào)研的方式對太平道文化的重構(gòu)進(jìn)行整理描述,力求分析解釋出這一重構(gòu)背后的宗教學(xué)意義,以期探索這種道教文化的新型發(fā)展路徑對于道教現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展和區(qū)域政治經(jīng)濟(jì)文化以及人民生活的重要意義。研究的基礎(chǔ)是在學(xué)術(shù)界已有的關(guān)于太平道和文化重構(gòu)兩方面的研究成果。第二,太平道探源。運(yùn)用整理文獻(xiàn)的方法對太平道從產(chǎn)生、演進(jìn)與式微等歷史源流進(jìn)行探討。其中太平道的產(chǎn)生包括太平道產(chǎn)生的時代背景與思想背景,演進(jìn)與式微包括太平道“中黃太一”的宗教思想、“符水跪拜”的宗教儀式、黃巾大起義以及黃巾大起義之后的太平道四個方面。試圖對下文的內(nèi)容做出一個源頭性的探討。第三,河北平鄉(xiāng)太平道文化重構(gòu)的主體及場所考察。分別從主體與場所兩個要素考察太平道文化是如何重構(gòu)的。首先,平鄉(xiāng)太平道文化重構(gòu)中起決定性作用的是它的宗教主體,也就是各種人員的參與,各種人員的共同參與促成了“重構(gòu)”的開始與發(fā)展。這些主體之中包括當(dāng)?shù)氐澜绦疟、政商力量、?dāng)?shù)厝罕姺e極參與以及學(xué)術(shù)界的推動。其次,太平道文化重構(gòu)的主要場所是東岳天齊廟,這種重構(gòu)是建立在天齊廟的歷史傳說與發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀基礎(chǔ)之上的。最后,分析主體與場所重構(gòu)的現(xiàn)代啟示。得出多方參與重構(gòu)當(dāng)代宗教文化、民間傳說重構(gòu)古今宗教文化、現(xiàn)代宮觀重構(gòu)多元宗教文化的結(jié)論。第四,河北平鄉(xiāng)太平道文化重構(gòu)的宗教儀式考釋。歷史上的太平道的宗教儀式是“符水跪拜”這種道教最早期最原始的道場形式,在如今平鄉(xiāng)地區(qū),被重構(gòu)為古太平道科儀的是當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)的“打黃醮道場”和“度亡道場”,F(xiàn)代道場中供奉的神位體現(xiàn)出早期東漢太平道的“中黃太一”信仰和“三官”信仰,現(xiàn)代道場中的儀式仍保留有“符水跪拜”最初形式和用“符”傳統(tǒng),并引進(jìn)了極具地域特色的道教音樂——“太平道樂”!爸貥(gòu)”實現(xiàn)的途徑就是一種不斷被重復(fù)的形式化與儀式化的過程,而這種形式化與儀式化更多的是通過舊有習(xí)俗和材料來建構(gòu)的。平鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)太平道文化被“重構(gòu)”的過程是通過一系列舊有的宗教儀式被不斷重復(fù)的形式化與儀式化來實現(xiàn)的。這些儀式并不是現(xiàn)代重新構(gòu)建的,而是舊有的宗教儀式被賦予了新的宗教意義。第五,河北平鄉(xiāng)太平道文化重構(gòu)的黃巾民俗考證。在平鄉(xiāng)太平道文化重構(gòu)的進(jìn)程中,平鄉(xiāng)的民風(fēng)民俗為其提供了很好的可能性與保障。眾所周知,民風(fēng)民俗應(yīng)該是在長期的歷史發(fā)展中在一個區(qū)域自發(fā)形成的一種或幾種風(fēng)化和習(xí)俗,這是由當(dāng)?shù)乩习傩赵谌粘5纳a(chǎn)勞作中自然而然形成的,也是由于他們喜聞樂見故而得到世代傳承的。平鄉(xiāng)的黃巾民俗包括有尚“黃”傳統(tǒng)、抬黃杠和太平鼓。首先,平鄉(xiāng)民俗活動的尚“黃”傳統(tǒng)對太平道“中黃太一”信仰進(jìn)行了形式化的傳承。其次,“抬黃杠”和“太平鼓”擴(kuò)大了太平道宗教文化在群眾中的影響力。最后,黃巾民俗文化使得太平道宗教文化重構(gòu)更加生動活潑。因此可以說,平鄉(xiāng)縣當(dāng)?shù)氐狞S巾民俗實際上給予了太平道文化能夠成功重構(gòu)提供了必然性。第六,結(jié)語?偨Y(jié)前文,分析了河北平鄉(xiāng)太平道文化重構(gòu)對于道教現(xiàn)代化的意義以及對平鄉(xiāng)區(qū)域發(fā)展的影響。最后,結(jié)合田野調(diào)研后的感受,提出了平鄉(xiāng)太平道文化現(xiàn)階段基礎(chǔ)性重構(gòu)中的問題和建議,以期后來人做得更多更好。作為博士學(xué)位論文,本文最大的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)就是以文化重構(gòu)為視角研究現(xiàn)代河北平鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)的太平道宗教文化現(xiàn)象。長久以來,學(xué)界對于太平道的相關(guān)研究匱乏,這在很大程度上是由于史料記載少這一情況決定的,因此,筆者以田野調(diào)查為基礎(chǔ)來討論太平道文化在現(xiàn)代的被重構(gòu)問題,這是學(xué)界以前沒有涉獵過的道教學(xué)術(shù)與現(xiàn)實相結(jié)合的問題。
[Abstract]:The emergence of the Taiping Road marks the formal formation of Taoism. In the last year of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the social and political environment of internal anxiety and external suffering provided the time background for the Taiping Road. At the same time, the ideological and cultural development of the high development in the late Han Dynasty, that is, the Tao of Lao Zi and the Taiping Tao provided the thought origin of the Taiping Road. After a series of evolvement, the Taiping was Taiping. In the history of the development of Chinese Taoism, the Taiping Road of one of the original Taoist Taoism, one of the original Taoism in the history of the development of Chinese Taoism, was of profound significance. The Hebei Pingxiang Taiping Road was rich in history and culture. In 221 BC, Qin unified the world as the thirty-six County, and now Pingxiang belongs to the heavy County Julu County at that time. Therefore, the modern Hebei Pingxiang county is one of the regions of the Taiping Road in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and it is the hometown of the Taiping Road leader Zhang Jiao. Because of this historical relevance, in recent years, the Pingxiang area in Hebei began to reconstruct the Taiping Road culture in this area, and it is still in the beginning stage. The reconstruction of Taiping Road culture in Pingxiang, Hebei, follows such a way of thinking, that is, from the three main aspects of the subject and place of the reconstruction of the Taiping Road, the religious ceremony and the folklore of the yellow towel, and gradually come out of a way of reconstructing the religious culture with local characteristics and modern values. This reconfiguration makes Gu Zongjiao in history Culture has emanated "new life" in modern times. It not only gives enlightenment to the development of the modernization of Taoism, but also has a very valuable influence on the economic, political and cultural development of Pingxiang county. The academic circles have been in the study of regional distribution, religion, history, philosophy, art and even collation, discrimination, exegesis, phonology, grammar, vocabulary, and literature comparison The study of Taiping Road and its classic "Taiping Jing" is a key to the study of early Taoism. This article is to investigate the modern Taiping culture in Pingxiang area of Hebei from the perspective of cultural reconstruction and study the reconstruction process of the local Taiping culture in modern society. This is a breakthrough in the study of Taiping Taoism culture. The article is divided into six parts. First, the introduction. It expounds the origin and significance of the research, the present situation, the innovation and the general situation of the field. The research on the cultural reconstruction of Pingxiang Taiping Road in Hebei originated from the establishment of the Taiping Road culture teaching and research base of the College of philosophy and religion of Minzu University of China in the area of the Taiping Road in the area of the 2013. The further breakthrough of Taiping Road research is sought, and the cultural development of Taiping Road in modern Pingxiang is viewed from the perspective of cultural reconstruction. After extensive reading of the historical literature about Taiping Road, the reconstruction of Taiping Road culture is described by field research, and the religion behind this reconstruction is analyzed and explained. The significance of the study is to explore the significance of the new development path of this Taoist culture to the development of the modernization of Taoism, the regional political, economic and cultural, and the people's life. The research is based on the achievements of the two aspects of the Taiping Road and cultural reconstruction in the academic circle. Second, the exploration of the Taiping Road. There are four aspects of the formation of the Taiping Road: the times background and the ideological background of the Taiping Road, the evolution and decline of the religious thought of "the Taiping Taiyi" in Taiping Road, the religious ceremony of "Fu Shui kneeling", the great righteousness of the yellow towel and the Taiping Road after the great uprising of the yellow towel. An attempt is made to make a source discussion on the contents of the following. Third, the subject and site investigation of the cultural reconstruction of Taiping Road in Pingxiang, Hebei. How to reconstruct the Taiping Road culture from the two elements of the main body and the place. First, the cultural reconfiguration of Pingxiang Taiping Road is its religious subject, that is, all kinds of people. Participation and the participation of all kinds of personnel contributed to the beginning and development of "Reconstruction", including the local Taoist believers, political and commercial forces, the active participation of local people and the promotion of the academic circles. Secondly, the main place for the reconstruction of Taiping Road is the Dongyue Tianqi temple, which is a historical legend and hair set up in Tianqi temple. On the basis of the presentation. Finally, the modern enlightenment of the reconstruction of the subject and place is analyzed. The conclusion is drawn that many parties are involved in reconstructing the contemporary religious culture, the folklore reconstructs the ancient and modern religious culture, and the modern palace view reconstructs the multiple religious culture. Fourth, the religious ritual of the cultural reconstruction of the Taiping Road in Pingxiang, Hebei. It is the earliest and most primitive Taoist form of Taoism. In today's Pingxiang area, the ancient Taiping Taoism was rebuilt to the ancient Taiping Taoism. The traditional Taoist shrine in the modern Taoist field embodies the belief of "the middle yellow and the Taiyi" and the belief of "three officials" in the early Eastern Han Dynasty. The ceremony in the Taoist field still retained the original form of "Fu Shui kneeling" and the use of the tradition of "Fu", and introduced the Taoist music of great regional characteristics, "Taiping Dao music". The way to realize the reconstruction is a process of formalization and ritualization which is constantly repeated, and this formalization and ritual are more through the old habits. Custom and material are constructed. The process of "Reconstruction" of the Taiping Road culture in Pingxiang is realized through a series of old religious rituals. These rituals are not modern rebuilt, but old religious rituals are given new religious meanings. Fifth, Taiping Taoism in Pingxiang, Hebei. In the process of cultural reconstruction of Pingxiang Taiping Road, the folk custom of Pingxiang provides a good possibility and guarantee in the process of cultural reconstruction of Taiping Road. It is well known that folk customs should be one or several weathering and customs formed spontaneously in a region during the long-term historical development, which is the daily life of the local people. Pingxiang's yellow towel folk custom includes the "yellow" tradition, the yellow bar and the peace drum. First, the traditional "Huang" tradition of the folk activities in Pingxiang has passed the formalized inheritance to the Taiping Taiyi Taoism. Secondly, "lift the yellow bar" and "lift the yellow bar". The "peace drum" expanded the influence of the Taiping Taoist religious culture in the masses. Finally, the yellow towel folk culture made the reconstruction of the Taiping Road religious culture more lively. Therefore, it can be said that the local yellow towel folk custom in Pingxiang County provided the inevitability of the successful reconstruction of Taiping Taoism culture. Sixth, conclusion. Analysis of the foreword. The cultural reconstruction of the Taiping Road in Pingxiang, Hebei, has the significance of the modernization of Taoism and the influence on the regional development of Pingxiang. Finally, combining the experience of the field investigation, this paper puts forward the problems and suggestions in the basic reconstruction of the Taiping Road culture at the present stage of Pingxiang, in order to make more and better people do it later. As a doctoral dissertation, the biggest innovation of this paper is the thesis. It is a study of the Taiping Taoist religious culture phenomenon in the modern Hebei Pingxiang area with cultural reconstruction. For a long time, the academic circles are lacking in the related research of the Taiping Road, which is largely due to the fact that the historical records are few. Therefore, the author is based on the field investigation to discuss the reconstruction of the Taiping Road culture in modern times. This is the problem of combining Taoism with reality in academic circles.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:B958

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