本文關鍵詞： 西夏 藏傳佛教 考古　出處：《南京大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：藏傳佛教是中國佛教三大系統(tǒng)之一,它融合了印度教、漢地佛教以及西藏的本土宗教苯教。自松贊干布時期佛教正式傳入西藏,到后弘期的喇嘛教以及各大教派的形成與發(fā)展,藏傳佛教作為一種文化體系,不斷完善并向周圍擴散。10世紀下半葉,佛教再度在西藏發(fā)展,而后很快就在西部的少數(shù)民族地區(qū)中傳播,波及范圍就包括今寧夏回族自治區(qū)一帶。1038年,元昊稱帝,建立了大夏國,寧夏平原正是其東部腹地,其特殊地理位置使西夏王朝的佛教受到中原佛教和藏傳佛教兩方面因素的影響。本文旨在前人的研究基礎上,著眼于藏傳佛教因素的影響,通過實地考察,并對考古發(fā)掘的實物資料進行由點到面的分析歸納、權衡比較,對西夏中后期藏傳佛教在寧夏地區(qū)傳播的背景、歷史發(fā)展及其特征和影響等方面,作了全面而系統(tǒng)地闡述。尤其關注西夏藏傳佛教在整個藏族佛教東傳過程中所獨具的跳板作用和重要地位。本文共分為三部分,即緒論、正文和結語。緒論部分。首先闡述了文章的斷限問題,對論文中所涉及的概念進行了界定,概述本文的選題意義和寫作動機,交代研究方法,并對相關問題的研究狀況和研究史進行了梳理。正文共分為五章：第一章西夏與西夏佛教。本章首先概述了西夏王朝的基本歷史狀況,對其所具備的易于藏傳佛教因素進入的條件進行探索。其次對西夏整體佛教傳播情況與相關的考古資料進行了簡單的概述。第三概述了藏傳佛教在青藏高原地區(qū)的興起和發(fā)展歷程,并闡述了其與苯教斗爭交融所具有的獨特性,展示了松贊干布時期傳入吐蕃的佛教,經(jīng)過對土著文化的不斷融合與吸收,最終成為獨具特色的藏傳佛教,并在寧夏地區(qū)傳播的基本情況。第二章西夏東部地區(qū)的藏傳佛教繪畫。本章以寧夏境內(nèi)的主要遺址點(寧夏拜寺溝西夏方塔、寧夏拜寺口雙塔、寧夏拜寺口北寺群塔、寧夏賀蘭縣宏佛塔、寧夏青銅峽市一百零八塔、賀蘭山巖畫)所出土的考古資料為依據(jù),對它們進行分類和比較,從繪畫方面分析了西夏東部地區(qū)的藏傳佛教因素,力圖展示其在當時當?shù)氐膹V泛影響。第三章西夏東部地區(qū)的藏傳佛教雕塑。佛教藝術中,雕塑是一個非常重要的方面。寧夏地區(qū)亦發(fā)現(xiàn)不少西夏時期的藏傳佛教雕塑,按質(zhì)地可分為木質(zhì)雕塑、磚雕、泥塑、銅像、石刻等幾類。第四章西夏東部地區(qū)的藏傳佛教建筑。寺廟、佛塔是佛教活動的中心,歷來提倡佛教的統(tǒng)治者無不重視寺廟和佛塔的建設。藏傳佛教在西夏的流行也會影響到西夏佛教建筑。本章對西夏東部地區(qū)的藏傳佛教建筑進行了分析和闡述。第五章西夏藏傳佛教的影響與意義。本章注重西夏在藏傳佛教向內(nèi)地傳播中發(fā)揮的中介和示范作用,為元代藏傳佛教向內(nèi)地傳播奠定了宗教文化背景,也提供了一條宗教文化通道。同時,藏傳佛教在西夏的傳播也推動了藏傳佛教藝術走向繁榮,形成了獨具特色的西夏佛教藝術體系。結語對全文的內(nèi)容進行總結,尤其對寧夏地區(qū)藏傳佛教因素的重要意義進行總結,同時也歸納了本文研究的不足之處。解決的問題：本文在資料的收集、分析和運用上,力求打破遺址的局限性,突破以前對單個遺址藏傳佛教因素的舉例和論證。
[Abstract]:Tibetan Buddhism is one of the three Buddhist China system, it is the fusion of Hinduism, Chinese Buddhism and Tibet native religion. Buddhism was introduced to Tibet since the Song Xan Gan Bbu era, Lamaism to Philip and the formation of the major sects of Tibetan Buddhism and development, as a cultural system, and constantly improve and spread to the surrounding.10 the second half of the century, Buddhism once again in Tibet, and then spread quickly in the western minority areas, including the scope of the vicinity of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.1038, Yuan Hao emperor, was established in the summer, Xia Pingyuan Ning is the eastern hinterland, the special geographical location of the Xixia Dynasty Buddhism influenced by the two factors of Central Plains Buddhism and Tibetan Buddhism. Based on previous research this paper, focusing on the influence of Tibetan Buddhism factors, through on-the-spot investigation, and the materials of archaeological excavations. The analysis for the point to the surface of the induction, the tradeoff of Xixia, in the late period of Tibetan Buddhism in Ningxia area in the background, historical development and its characteristics and effect, are discussed comprehensively and systematically. Especially the springboard Xixia Tibetan Buddhism unique in the whole Tibetan Buddhism in the process and important position. This paper is divided for the three part, namely the introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction part firstly expounds the limit of breaking the problem of the article, the definition of the concept in this thesis, an overview of the significance of this topic and writing motivation, explain the research method, and on issues related to the research status and history of the sort. The text is divided into five chapters: the first chapter Xixia and Xixia Buddhism. This chapter firstly summarizes the basic historical situation of Xixia Dynasty, explores into the factors of Tibetan Buddhism is easy to have the condition. Then on the West The overall spread of Buddhism and related archaeological data is summarized. Third overview of the rise and development of Tibetan Buddhism in the Tibetan Plateau, and expounds its unique blend of struggle and Bon, show the Song Xan Gan Bbu period into Tibet Buddhism, through continuous integration of the native culture and absorption. Eventually become the unique Tibetan Buddhism, the basic situation and spread in the Ningxia area. In the second chapter, Tibetan Buddhist painting Xixia eastern region. In this chapter, the main site of Ningxia province point (Ningxia Bai Si Gou Xi Xia Fang tower, Ningxia Twin Towers, Ningxia Bai Si Temple Temple worship, North Tower, Ningxia Wang Helan County pagoda, Ningxia Qingtongxia City one hundred and eight tower, Helan rock paintings) unearthed archaeological data as the basis, the classification and comparison of them, analyzes the Xixia painting from the eastern region because of Tibetan Buddhism At the time, trying to reveal the local wide influence. In the third chapter, the eastern part of the Tibetan Buddhist sculptures Xixia. Buddhist art, sculpture is a very important aspect of Xixia period. Many Tibetan Buddhist sculptures were also found in Ningxia area, with a good quality can be divided into wood sculpture, brick carving, clay sculpture, bronze, stone etc. several kinds of Xixia. In the fourth chapter, the eastern part of the Tibetan Buddhist architecture. The temple, the pagoda is the center of Buddhist activities, has always advocated the Buddhist rulers attach importance to the construction of temples and pagodas. Tibetan Buddhism in Xixia popular will also affect the Xixia Buddhist architecture. This chapter on the eastern region of the Tibetan Buddhist architecture is analyzed and elaborated influence of Xixia. The fifth chapter of Tibetan Buddhism and the significance. This chapter focuses on Xixia in Tibetan Buddhism spread to the mainland to play the intermediary role model and to the Yuan Dynasty Tibetan Buddhism spread to the mainland for cases Teach the cultural background, but also provides a channel of religious culture. At the same time, the spread of Tibetan Buddhism in Xixia also contributed to the prosperity of Tibetan Buddhist art, formed a unique system of Xixia Buddhist art. The last chapter is summary, especially on the important factors of Tibetan Buddhism in Ningxia area were summarized, and also summarized the shortcomings of this paper. To solve the problem: This paper collected in the data, analysis and application, and strive to break the limitations of the site, on the site before the breakthrough single factors for Tibetan Buddhism and demonstration.

【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B946.6;K246.3

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