本文關(guān)鍵詞：清教對(duì)科學(xué)的推動(dòng)作用探析　出處：《福州大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：宗教所倡導(dǎo)的文化曾經(jīng)是占主導(dǎo)地位的文化觀念。正是這種占主導(dǎo)地位的文化價(jià)值所包含的某些有利于科學(xué)發(fā)展的因素不斷的影響科學(xué)的發(fā)展。本文對(duì)默頓關(guān)于清教與科學(xué)之間的相互作用的有關(guān)理論進(jìn)行梳理，進(jìn)一步揭示凝結(jié)在清教文化價(jià)值觀里的思想感情如何引導(dǎo)人們趨向或遠(yuǎn)離科學(xué)事業(yè)。為了理清清教與科學(xué)之間的互動(dòng)模式，默頓深入研究賦予神學(xué)理論思想感情的思想、信念和行動(dòng)。這些思想、信念和行動(dòng)通過(guò)語(yǔ)言與行為等方式表達(dá)了強(qiáng)烈的思想感情，并在相當(dāng)程度上影響著人們的價(jià)值取向與社會(huì)行動(dòng)。 清教倫理所體現(xiàn)出的精神氣質(zhì)與近代科學(xué)的思想方式在功利主義與理性主義等方面取得了一致。這種文化上的一致性使得科學(xué)活動(dòng)具有了崇高的社會(huì)聲望。清教主義為科學(xué)的發(fā)展提供了文化觀念上的支持與辯護(hù)。清教主義所宣揚(yáng)的與科學(xué)內(nèi)在氣質(zhì)一致的文化理念成為了科學(xué)發(fā)展的動(dòng)力。宗教在改革過(guò)程中“無(wú)意識(shí)”的使得清教主義引導(dǎo)世俗社會(huì)觀念對(duì)科學(xué)的態(tài)度發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變，并促進(jìn)了科學(xué)的發(fā)展。 默頓通過(guò)對(duì)清教與科學(xué)的考察，在宗教與科學(xué)“完全對(duì)立”概念盛行的時(shí)代告訴人們，僅僅看到二者的對(duì)立關(guān)系是片面的。重溫默頓的研究成果并從科學(xué)社會(huì)學(xué)視角認(rèn)識(shí)宗教與科學(xué)的關(guān)系，有利于人們對(duì)二者的關(guān)系有個(gè)更加全面與客觀的認(rèn)識(shí)，二者在特定的時(shí)期里存在統(tǒng)一性，甚至在某些方面起著相互促進(jìn)的關(guān)系。而正確認(rèn)識(shí)二者的這一關(guān)系，促進(jìn)宗教與科學(xué)的和諧發(fā)展，在建設(shè)社會(huì)主義和諧文化，構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)的新時(shí)期具有特別的意義。 此外，清教主義對(duì)科學(xué)發(fā)展的作用同時(shí)具有負(fù)功能和正功能，也兼具顯功能和潛功能。因此，，本文認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該在正確認(rèn)識(shí)二者關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上，從宗教中吸收有益的人文精神和有益價(jià)值觀，運(yùn)用宗教所宣揚(yáng)的“善”的理念來(lái)規(guī)范科學(xué)的發(fā)展�？茖W(xué)的本性是求“真”，而宗教有求“善”的一面，應(yīng)將兩者的合理成分相融合，使科學(xué)在發(fā)展的過(guò)程中免于步入歧途。這將有助于處理好科學(xué)與社會(huì)其它子系統(tǒng)的和諧發(fā)展。這在構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)時(shí)期具有更加特殊的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:The culture advocated by religion used to be the dominant cultural concept. It is this dominant cultural value that contains some factors conducive to the development of science that constantly influence the development of science. The theory of the interaction between Puritanism and science is combed. It further reveals how the thoughts and feelings condensed in Puritan cultural values can lead people to move towards or away from scientific undertakings, in order to clarify the interaction between Puritanism and science. Merton deeply studies the thoughts, beliefs, and actions that endow theological thoughts and feelings. These thoughts, beliefs and actions express strong thoughts and feelings through language and behavior. And to a certain extent affect people's value orientation and social action. The spiritual temperament embodied in puritanism ethics is consistent with modern scientific thinking in utilitarianism and rationalism. This kind of cultural consistency makes scientific activities have a lofty social prestige. Protestantism provides cultural support and justification for the development of science. Puritanism's cultural concept, which is consistent with the inherent temperament of science, has become the driving force for the development of science. Religion is in the process of reform. " The unconscious makes Puritanism lead to the change of attitude towards science in secular society. And promoted the development of science. Merton told people through the study of Puritanism and science that the concept of "complete opposition" between religion and science was prevailing. It is one-sided to only see the opposite relationship between them. Reviewing Merton's research results and understanding the relationship between religion and science from the perspective of sociology of science will help people to have a more comprehensive and objective understanding of the relationship between them. There is unity between the two in a certain period, and even in some aspects, the relationship between them is mutually promoted, while the correct understanding of this relationship between the two promotes the harmonious development of religion and science, and the construction of socialist harmonious culture. The new period of constructing socialist harmonious society has special significance. In addition, Puritanism has both negative and positive functions to the development of science, as well as obvious functions and latent functions. Therefore, this paper holds that people should understand the relationship between the two on the basis of correct understanding. To absorb beneficial humanistic spirit and beneficial values from religion, and to standardize the development of science by using the concept of "good" advocated by religion. The nature of science is to seek "truth", while religion has the side of seeking "good". The reasonable components of the two should be combined. This will help to deal with the harmonious development of science and other subsystems of society, which has more special practical significance in the period of building a harmonious society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：B920

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