本文選題：唐宋農(nóng)戶 + 生產(chǎn)資料�。� 參考：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)民家庭生產(chǎn)、生活資料的消費問題,是唐宋社會經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域不可忽視的重要內(nèi)容,也是當(dāng)時商品經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平的顯著標(biāo)志。本文根據(jù)敦煌吐魯番出土文書及傳統(tǒng)文獻(xiàn),對唐宋農(nóng)民家庭的生產(chǎn)、生活資料的消費情況進(jìn)行了研究,試圖勾勒出唐宋農(nóng)戶消費生活的概貌,分析不同時空以及農(nóng)戶中不同階層的消費差異,探究唐宋農(nóng)民消費演變的特點及其歷史地位,歸納出唐宋大變革對農(nóng)村社會的影響。一方面,重點論述唐宋農(nóng)戶的生產(chǎn)、生活消費概況。生產(chǎn)資料主要探討勞動工具、肥料、農(nóng)藥、農(nóng)田灌溉等方面的內(nèi)容。生活資料內(nèi)容也十分廣泛,僅選取較有代表性的消費項目進(jìn)行分析,衣食住是維持個體生存最基本的條件;在滿足了溫飽后,絕大多數(shù)農(nóng)戶還有宗教信仰、教育和醫(yī)療支出,這些屬于較高層次的發(fā)展性消費。此外,在人生關(guān)鍵時刻,還有體現(xiàn)社會交往色彩、具備倫理性質(zhì)的婚嫁喪葬消費。另一方面,對唐宋農(nóng)戶消費問題進(jìn)行較深層次的探究。首先,著重分析唐宋農(nóng)民家庭的消費水平,歸納得出:唐宋絕大多數(shù)農(nóng)民消費水平較低,基本處于溫飽邊緣,飲食是他們最主要的消費項目,而且各項消費支出比重并不均衡。其次,從動態(tài)層面比較唐宋農(nóng)戶中不同階層、不同時空的消費狀況,更為直觀地展示農(nóng)民群體的消費差異。農(nóng)民階層中的小地主、富農(nóng)處于小康消費水平階段,他們已基本擺脫生存危機(jī),其精神文化和社交性消費比重穩(wěn)步上升;而貧農(nóng)家庭則處于最低消費水平階段,消費短缺的現(xiàn)象普遍存在。唐宋前期,社會總的產(chǎn)品數(shù)量并不富足,農(nóng)民家庭消費水平不高,崇尚節(jié)儉性消費。唐宋后期,農(nóng)民消費情況有所改善,發(fā)端于城市地區(qū)的奢侈性消費風(fēng)潮逐漸向農(nóng)村進(jìn)行擴(kuò)散。唐宋農(nóng)戶在消費領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)的新動向,對當(dāng)時的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等產(chǎn)生了重要影響,促使農(nóng)民家庭的經(jīng)營方式由單一的種植業(yè)向農(nóng)業(yè)、小工商業(yè)兼營的模式轉(zhuǎn)變,同時推動了農(nóng)村消費市場和消費文化的形成。農(nóng)民階層是社會結(jié)構(gòu)的主體部分,他們的生產(chǎn)、生活消費狀況能夠折射出當(dāng)時的社會面貌。
[Abstract]:The problem of peasant household production and consumption of means of subsistence is an important content in the social and economic fields of Tang and Song dynasties, and it is also a remarkable symbol of the development level of commodity economy at that time. Based on the documents unearthed from Dunhuang and Turpan and traditional documents, this paper studies the production and consumption of living materials of peasant families in Tang and Song dynasties, and tries to outline the general picture of the consumption life of farmers in Tang and Song dynasties. This paper analyzes the differences of consumption between different time and space and among farmers, probes into the characteristics and historical status of the evolution of farmers' consumption in Tang and Song dynasties, and concludes the influence of the great changes of Tang and Song dynasties on rural society. On the one hand, focus on the production and consumption of farmers in Tang and Song dynasties. Means of production mainly discusses the labor tools, fertilizers, pesticides, farmland irrigation and other aspects of the content. The content of the means of subsistence is also very extensive. Only the more representative items of consumption are selected for analysis. Food, clothing and housing are the most basic conditions for maintaining an individual's survival. After food and clothing are satisfied, the vast majority of farmers still have religious beliefs, education, and medical expenses. These are higher levels of developmental consumption. In addition, at the critical moment of life, there is also a sense of social interaction, ethical nature of marriage and funeral consumption. On the other hand, the consumption of peasant households in Tang and Song dynasties is deeply explored. First of all, the author analyzes the consumption level of peasant families in Tang and Song dynasties, and concludes that the consumption level of most farmers in Tang and Song dynasties is low, they are on the edge of food and clothing, diet is their main consumption item, and the proportion of consumption expenditure is not balanced. Secondly, the consumption situation of different strata and different time and space in Tang and Song Dynasty is compared from the dynamic level, and the consumption difference of peasant group is more intuitively displayed. The small landlords in the peasant class and the rich peasants are at the stage of well-off consumption. They have basically escaped from the crisis of survival, and their proportion of spiritual, cultural and social consumption has steadily increased, while the poor peasant families are at the lowest level of consumption. There is a widespread shortage of consumption. In the early Tang and Song dynasties, the total number of social products was not abundant, the consumption level of peasant households was not high, and frugal consumption was advocated. In the late Tang and Song dynasties, the consumption of farmers improved, and the luxury consumption trend, which originated in urban areas, gradually spread to the countryside. The new trend of peasant households in the field of consumption in Tang and Song dynasties had an important influence on the economy and culture at that time, and promoted the mode of management of farmers' families from a single planting industry to a pattern of agriculture and small industrial and commercial management. At the same time, promote the formation of rural consumer market and consumption culture. The peasant stratum is the main part of the social structure. Their production and consumption can reflect the social outlook at that time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K242;K241

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本文編號：1910730