發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-08 09:30

【摘要】：馬基雅維利是文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期杰出的政治家，其所處的時(shí)代正是歐洲封建社會(huì)的末期以及資本主義萌芽發(fā)展時(shí)期的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)上，在此社會(huì)大轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期，同時(shí)面臨著意大利國(guó)內(nèi)四分五裂紛亂的政治局面，馬基雅維利懷著報(bào)國(guó)熱情為佛羅倫薩共和國(guó)奉獻(xiàn)著自己的一腔熱血。 筆者從馬基雅維利的兩本主要著作展開(kāi)研究和探討。在梅迪奇家族復(fù)辟后，馬基雅維利想繼續(xù)為統(tǒng)一意大利貢獻(xiàn)自己的力量，于是，寫(xiě)出了《君主論》一書(shū)奉獻(xiàn)給梅迪奇家族希望得到其垂青，然而令他失望。同時(shí)，基于他對(duì)于共和制度的鐘愛(ài)，寫(xiě)出了《論李維》通過(guò)追憶羅馬共和國(guó)完善的共和制度，以此，表達(dá)自己對(duì)共和制的憧憬和向往。 這兩本書(shū)從其出版至今因《君主論》一書(shū)內(nèi)容教授君主如何建立、治理國(guó)家，并在治理國(guó)家過(guò)程中如何殘忍，不講誠(chéng)信，利用自己的優(yōu)勢(shì)、施惠時(shí)應(yīng)細(xì)水長(zhǎng)流等內(nèi)容廣受詬病。在《論李維》中以史記的形式論述了共和制度的長(zhǎng)短優(yōu)劣。在此兩本書(shū)中法律思想的研究并不是馬基雅維利研究的主題，對(duì)于馬基雅維利所表達(dá)的法律思想只能通過(guò)對(duì)其書(shū)中內(nèi)容的仔細(xì)研究，，并且通過(guò)筆者的總結(jié)概括，最后才能形成系統(tǒng)的法律思想。 本文分為四部分，第一部分介紹馬基雅維利所處歷史背景及其著作。第二部分筆者先從馬基雅維利的哲學(xué)思想基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行研究，在得到人性本惡和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上，以此，進(jìn)一步探討第三部分。在人性本惡和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上挖掘馬基雅維利對(duì)于法律的看法。從而，從中概括總結(jié)出馬基雅維利的獨(dú)立主權(quán)國(guó)家、軍隊(duì)保障國(guó)家、依法治國(guó)、法律的規(guī)范作用、法律面前人人平等、法律的穩(wěn)定性、政教分離、君主制共和制之爭(zhēng)等法律思想。第四部分闡述這些法律思想的影響及意義。
[Abstract]:Machiavelli was an outstanding Renaissance statesman at the end of European feudal society and the turning point of capitalism in the period of great transformation. At the same time in the face of Italy's divided political situation, Machiavelli dedicated his blood to the Republic of Florence with the enthusiasm of serving the country. The author studies and discusses the two main works of Machiavelli. After the restoration of the Medici family, Machiavelli wanted to continue to contribute to the unification of Italy, so he wrote the Monarch, a book dedicated to the Medici family hoping to get its favor, but he was disappointed. At the same time, based on his fondness for the Republican system, he wrote "on Levi" to express his longing and yearning for the republic by recalling the perfect Republican system of the Roman Republic. These two books have been widely criticized since they were published so far because they teach the monarch how to establish, govern the country, and how to be cruel, do not pay attention to honesty, make use of his own advantages, and so on. The author discusses the merits and demerits of the Republican system in the form of Historical Records. The study of legal thought in these two books is not the subject of Machiavelli's study. The legal thought expressed by Machiavelli can only be studied carefully and summarized by the author. Finally, a systematic legal thought can be formed. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces Machiavelli's historical background and his works. In the second part, the author studies the foundation of Machiavelli's philosophy thought, obtains the philosophy foundation of human nature evil and realism, and further discusses the third part. On the basis of the philosophy of human nature and realism, Machiavelli's view of law is explored. Thus, it summarizes Machiavelli's independent and sovereign state, the army's protection of the country, the rule of law, the normative role of the law, the equality of all before the law, the stability of the law, and the separation of state and religion. Legal thoughts such as the dispute over the monarchy and the republic. The fourth part expounds the influence and significance of these legal thoughts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D09

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 張昌林;共和主義公民身份研究[D];山東大學(xué);2010年

本文編號(hào)：2368116