本文選題：孟子 + 內(nèi)圣�。� 參考：《寧波大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：孟子為解決戰(zhàn)國(guó)中期社會(huì)的全面危機(jī)及儒家仁道遭遇的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn),豐富和發(fā)展了孔子的內(nèi)圣外王之道。他從天道觀、心性論、民意、歷史傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)實(shí)要求等角度論證了仁道的可能性和必要性。他認(rèn)為天賦予人善性,人皆有惻隱、羞惡、辭讓、是非之心,具有仁義禮智四端,擴(kuò)充惻隱、羞惡、辭讓、是非之心就能實(shí)現(xiàn)仁、義、禮、智。這四心是創(chuàng)造道德價(jià)值的源泉,是人與禽獸的根本區(qū)別。因此保存和擴(kuò)充四心是人的責(zé)任和使命。他提出了“存心”和“盡心”的修養(yǎng)功夫,即通過明善、立大體、時(shí)時(shí)操持本心、寡欲、推恩和養(yǎng)氣等功夫保存和擴(kuò)充本心,實(shí)現(xiàn)仁、義、禮、智,成圣成賢。在成為圣賢后,仁要求將內(nèi)心的惻隱羞惡辭讓是非之情推廣于外,推之于父母就是孝悌,推之于百姓就是仁政,推之于萬物就是愛物,這樣就形成了一個(gè)“親親而仁民,仁民而愛物。”由親即疏、由近及遠(yuǎn)的外王事功系列。孟子的心性之學(xué)和外王之道對(duì)歷史產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。他在內(nèi)圣方面對(duì)理學(xué)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響:他的心性論成為宋明理學(xué)建構(gòu)形上本體的重要基石;功夫論開啟了理學(xué)家“向心外求理”和心學(xué)家“向心上求理”兩條不同的修身路徑;他提出的“窮則獨(dú)善其身,達(dá)則兼善天下�！钡睦硐肴烁癯蔀槿寮矣绕涫撬蚊魅宓娜烁窭硐搿Ｋ谕馔醴矫鎸�(duì)后世的影響也是巨大的:仁政說成為儒家的政治理想和基本政治主張;教化思想對(duì)中國(guó)社會(huì)倫理化傳統(tǒng)的形成有直接影響;民本思想對(duì)中國(guó)政治和學(xué)術(shù)產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響;道統(tǒng)論喚醒了歷代士人強(qiáng)烈的社會(huì)責(zé)任意識(shí),起到了對(duì)政治的批判和監(jiān)督作用。天下觀維系了中華民族的統(tǒng)一,塑造了中國(guó)禮儀之邦的形象。孟子的內(nèi)圣外王之道在當(dāng)今仍有較大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義:其內(nèi)圣學(xué)說有助于增強(qiáng)人的道德主體意識(shí)和社會(huì)責(zé)任意識(shí),提升人的內(nèi)在價(jià)值,使人自信自立,實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)體的安身立命;有助于引導(dǎo)社會(huì)樹立合理的價(jià)值觀,對(duì)抗價(jià)值虛無、精神空虛和社會(huì)浮躁。其外王之道有助于我們重視和加強(qiáng)民生,促進(jìn)政治體制改革,促進(jìn)社會(huì)政治秩序的理性化運(yùn)行;有助于促進(jìn)國(guó)際和平與安全和各文明之間的對(duì)話和交流;還有助于我們重視和改善人與自然的關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the comprehensive crisis in the middle period of the Warring States society and the severe challenge of the Confucian benevolent encounter, Meng Zi enriched and developed the way of Confucius's inner saints and outer kings. He demonstrated the possibility and necessity of benevolence from the perspectives of heaven and earth, the theory of heart, the opinion, the historical tradition and the practical requirements. The four heart is the source of benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom. The four heart is the source of moral value and the fundamental difference between man and animal. Therefore, it is the responsibility and mission of man to preserve and expand the four heart. After becoming a sage, benevolence requires that the compassion and shame of the heart be extended to the outside, the parents are the filial piety, the push to the people is the benevolence, the push to all things is the love of things, so the formation is formed. A series of "relatives and benevolent people, benevolent people and love things." from the relatives and people and the remote king of affairs series. Meng Zi's heart study and the way of the king had a profound influence on history. He had a profound influence on Science in the inner saints: his theory of nature became the important cornerstone of Song Mingli's Xue Jian structure; Kung Fu theory was opened. There are two different ways to repair the body by the Neo Confucianism and the psychologist "to the heart." he proposed that the ideal personality of the poor is the ideal personality of the Confucian, especially Song Mingru. The basic political claim; the ideological and chemical thought has a direct influence on the formation of the Chinese social ethics tradition; the thought of the people has had a profound influence on Chinese politics and academia; the theory of morality awakens the strong sense of social responsibility of the scholars of the dynasties and plays the role of criticism and supervision of politics. The image of the state of etiquette and etiquette still has great practical significance today: the doctrine of inner sage is still of great practical significance: the doctrine of Inner Sage helps to strengthen the consciousness of the moral subject and the sense of social responsibility, to enhance the intrinsic value of the man, to make the man self-confident and to realize the life of the individual, and to guide the society to establish reasonable values and against the deficiency of value. No, spiritual emptiness and social impetuosity. The way of its foreign kings will help us to pay attention to and strengthen people's livelihood, promote political system reform, promote the rational operation of social and political order, promote international peace and security and dialogue and exchange among civilizations, and help us to attach importance to and improve the relationship between human and nature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號(hào)】：D092

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