本文關鍵詞： 黃老帛書 淮南子 無為 體道　出處：《河北師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：《黃老帛書》與《淮南子》雖然分屬不同的時代，但二者在無為思想上卻存在著許多相同之處。 首先，《黃老帛書》和《淮南子》的無為思想都源于《老子》中的無為思想。在理論上都主張依照“道”的原則來進行政治活動，“道”就是存在于自然界中的客觀規(guī)律，君主為政要依道而行。 其次，《黃老帛書》和《淮南子》都對老子的道論進行了相應的改造。在老子道論的基礎上，《黃老帛書》強調“天道”的重要性，而《淮南子》中更加突出“體道”的重要性。 再次，《黃老帛書》和《淮南子》在政治思想上的共同主張主要是要求統治者清靜無為、重民愛民。落實到具體的政策上就是要求統治者要輕徭薄賦，要保證民眾基本的生活需要,不要過多的干預人民的經濟活動，特別是農業(yè)生產。 《黃老帛書》和《淮南子》存在相同之處的同時，也存在著許多細微的差別。 第一，《黃老帛書》和《淮南子》對“道”的理解有所不同�！饵S老帛書》所謂的“道”主要指天道，和自然的關系更為密切；而《淮南子》所講的“道”主要指治國之道，它與政治統治的關系更密切。相比之下，天道更接近于自然和哲學，而《淮南子》所講的道則更接近于人類社會和政治統治。《黃老帛書》受“天”的影響的更大，而《淮南子》更多的將關注的目光集中在政治統治本身，通過總結歷史興亡來探索政治統治的規(guī)律。 第二，《黃老帛書》和《淮南子》在無為的具體做法上也有不同的認識。《黃老帛書》更加強調尊重客觀規(guī)律的重要性，具體的方式是利用刑名之術，君主通過刑名之術是社會成員各安其分，不得越界，以此來駕馭群臣，，維護統治；《淮南子》雖然也強調尊重客觀規(guī)律，但是，更加注重主觀與客觀的統一，具體到政治上就是統治者在尊重客觀規(guī)律的基礎上，要積極作為，這樣的作為不是肆意妄為，而是采取一切能夠實現善治的措施。所以，《淮南子》的無為比起《黃老帛書》而言要更加強調人的積極作為。 由于時代的不同，《黃老帛書》和《淮南子》的無為思想對漢初政治統治產生的影響也不盡相同。 西漢初年，戰(zhàn)亂初息、百廢待興，黃老之學倡導的清靜無為的政治思想符合了漢初的政治社會現實。漢初的黃老思想家們將道法自然的思想運用于國家和社會治理，主張無為而治。這是符合社會發(fā)展需要的，也取得巨大的歷史成就。在黃老之學清凈無為的思想的指導下，漢初統治者乃至整個社會都非常推崇黃老之學。漢朝初期的統治者們吸取了秦朝短命而亡的深刻教訓，采取輕徭薄賦、與民休息的政策，在短時間內恢復了社會生產，穩(wěn)固了漢王朝的政治統治。 時至漢武帝時，國力大增，漢武帝有相當的物質基礎來施展自己的政治抱負。作為一位奮發(fā)有為的年輕帝王，《淮南子》所倡導的清靜無為顯然已經落伍了，甚至是漢武帝實行新政的思想障礙，引起了漢武帝的極大不滿。加之淮南王劉安在權力欲望的驅使下最終于漢武帝決裂，最后因謀反罪而自殺�！痘茨献印吩谡紊喜]有得以實踐，而僅僅只是淮南王與漢武帝爭奪輿論和思想主導權的工具，隨著淮南王的死去，這部書在西漢政治統治中的地位就更加單薄了。盡管如此，《淮南子》在西漢初期的黃老之學的眾多著作中仍然占據著重要的地位，它是西漢初期系統論述黃老之學的絕唱。
[Abstract]:Although the "Huang Lao" and "Huainan Zi > belong to different times, but the two in the idea of doing nothing but there are many similarities.
First of all, Huang Lao thought Wuwei < > and < > Huainan are derived from Lao Tzu < > in the Wuwei thoughts. In theory advocated in accordance with the principle of "Tao" to carry out political activities, "objective law" is existing in the nature, the monarch as the politicians on the Tao.
Secondly, "Huang Lao" and "Huainan Zi > of Tao Lao Tzu was changed accordingly. Based on Lao Tzu theory of Tao," Huang Lao stressed the importance of "heaven" >, and < sub > Huainan highlights the importance of "Tao".
Again, "Huang Lao" and "Huainan Zi > common proposition in the political ideology of the main requirement is heavy. The people loving ruler of quietism, the implementation of specific policies is to ensure that the rulers should be reduced corvee and taxes, people's basic living needs, not too much intervention in people's economic activities, especially agricultural production.
"Huang Lao" and "Huainan Zi > in common at the same time, there are many subtle differences.
First, "Huang Lao" and "Huainan Zi" understanding of "Tao" is different. Huang Lao > so-called "Tao" mainly refers to the relationship between nature and more closely; and "Huainan Zi > said" Tao "mainly refers to statecraft, its relationship with political rule the more closely. In contrast, heaven is closer to nature and philosophy, and the" Huainan Zi > preaching is more close to the influence to the human society and political rule. Huang Lao "by" day "more and more" Huainan Zi "pay more attention in the political rule itself to explore the political rule of law, through summing up the historical Xing dead.
Second, "Huang Lao" and "Huainan Zi" is a different understanding. Huang Lao "in the practice of inaction more emphasis on the importance of respecting the objective law, the specific method is the use of forms of monarchy by Xingming operation is the security of its social members, out of bounds, in order to control the the ministers, maintain the rule; Huainan also stressed that although < sub > respect the objective laws, but pay more attention to the unity of subjective and objective, is specific to the political rulers in respect on the basis of objective laws, should take positive actions, such as not act recklessly, but take all measures to achieve good governance. Therefore, Huainan" sub > > < Wuwei to Huang Lao as active as more emphasis on people.
Because of the different times, "inaction thought of Huang Lao" and "Huainan Zi > influence on the politics of the early Han dynasty rule generation are not the same.
In the early Han Dynasty, the beginning of war, a thousand things wait to be done Huang Lao school, political thought advocated quietism with the early Han's political and social reality. In the early Han Dynasty thinkers will Huang Lao nature theory to governance, the state and society advocated inaction. This is consistent with the needs of social development, has made tremendous achievements in history in the Huang Lao ideology under the guidance of the thought, the rulers of the early Han Dynasty and the whole society are very respected Huang Lao school. The rulers of the early Han Dynasty learned a profound lesson, the Qin Dynasty from the rest of the people and take reduced corvee and taxes, policy, in a short period of time to restore the social production, the stability of Han Dynasty the political rule.
To the Han Dynasty, the national strength increases, the emperor has considerable material basis to realize their own political ambitions. As a young emperor of Huainan < sub > be enthusiastic and press on, advocated quietism clearly outdated, even the emperor of the implementation of the new ideological obstacles, caused great dissatisfaction with the Han Dynasty in Huainan. King Liu An in the final drive power of desire in Han Dynasty break, finally because of the crime of treason and Dutch act. Huainan > in politics and not to practice, but only the king of Huainan Yuhan emperor for public opinion and thought leadership tools, dies with the king of Huainan, the status of this book in the Western Han Dynasty in the political rule the more thin. Nevertheless, many works of Huainan < sub > Huang Lao school in the early Western Han Dynasty still occupy an important position, it is the early Western Han Dynasty systematically Huang Lao song.

【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D092

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