材料性質與認知風格對特征歸納與預測的影響
[Abstract]:Inductive thinking involves predicting new situations on the basis of existing knowledge, and these predictions are probabilistic. For a case with a certain characteristic, the individual has certain confidence to sum it up to a certain group, and he will also guess which other attributes the case has, but it is not fully sure of it, which is called feature induction and prediction. In order to explore the influence of material properties and cognitive style on feature induction and prediction, 181 college students were selected to carry out two experiments. In experiment 1, a mixed experimental design of 3 (material properties: alphabetical code, Chinese vocabulary and graphics) 脳 2 (cognitive style: field independence and field dependence) 脳 3 (intra-category representation: high representativeness, medium representativeness and low representativeness) was used to study the effects of material properties, cognitive style and intra-category representation on feature induction and prediction in the determination of target feature categories. In experiment 2, the mixed experimental design of 3 (material properties: alphabetical code, Chinese vocabulary and graphics) 脳 2 (cognitive style: field independence and field dependence) 脳 3 (intra-category representation: high representativeness, medium representativeness and low representativeness) was also used to study the effects of material properties, cognitive style and intra-category representation on feature induction and prediction when the target feature category was uncertain. The dependent variables were the correct rate, reaction time and confidence degree of induction and prediction tasks. The results showed that: (1) there were significant differences in gender between feature induction and feature prediction, and the reaction time of boys was significantly longer than that of female students. (2) there were significant differences in material properties between feature induction and feature prediction, regardless of whether the target feature category was determined or not. The reaction time of Chinese vocabulary materials and alphabetical code materials is significantly longer than that of graphic materials. (3) there are significant differences in the representation of feature induction reasoning in categories, regardless of whether the target feature category is determined or not, the higher the representativeness in the category, the higher the degree of confidence. In the task of feature induction determined by the target feature category, the higher the representation in the category, the faster the response. In the task of feature induction when the target feature category is uncertain, the reaction time of high representativeness and low representativeness is significantly longer than that of middle representativeness. (4) there is interaction between subject nature and cognitive style in feature induction task when the target feature category is uncertain, and the reaction time of science students in midfield dependence is significantly longer than that of field independent. However, the response time of liberal arts students in midfield dependence is significantly shorter than that of field independent subjects. (5) in the task of feature prediction when the target feature category is determined, there is no significant difference between the ratio of confidence value and the theory of feature connection theory, but there is a significant difference between the ratio of confidence value and the theory of category theory. In the task of feature prediction when the target feature category is uncertain, there is no significant difference between the ratio of confidence value and the theory of comprehensive feature association, but there is a significant difference between the ratio of confidence value and the theory of comprehensive feature association, but with that of category theory and single type feature association theory. The conclusions are as follows: (1) material properties, cognitive style, subject nature and gender all have certain effects on feature induction and prediction. (2) representation affects feature induction, and the higher the representation, the higher the confidence of feature induction. (3) in the task of feature prediction when the target feature category is determined, the individual tends to predict the feature according to the feature connection model; In the task of feature prediction when the target feature category is uncertain, individuals are more inclined to carry out feature prediction according to the comprehensive feature connection model.
【學位授予單位】:南京師范大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2015
【分類號】:B842.1
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