【摘要】：隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的迅速發(fā)展和大范圍普及,人們?cè)谙硎艽罅啃迈r資訊的同時(shí),日常生活也變得更加快捷和便利了。但是,近年來網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪、青少年網(wǎng)絡(luò)成癮等網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用相關(guān)問題的出現(xiàn),也著實(shí)令人們困惱不已。如何才能使互聯(lián)網(wǎng)更好地展現(xiàn)出自身的優(yōu)越之處呢?筆者認(rèn)為可以通過關(guān)注和鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)活動(dòng)中進(jìn)行更多的積極行為得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。 利他行為是一種個(gè)體自覺自愿采取的、幫助他人而并不期望外在回報(bào)的親社會(huì)行為,這種積極行為能夠有效地促進(jìn)社會(huì)和諧發(fā)展。我們觀察到,網(wǎng)絡(luò)利他行為作為利他在虛擬環(huán)境中的一種體現(xiàn),能夠有效地促進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會(huì)的安定和諧,是值得深入研究和鼓勵(lì)的積極行為。從文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果來看,該領(lǐng)域研究還相對(duì)單薄,存在以定性描述為主、缺乏豐富事實(shí)證據(jù)的局限。本研究希望通過分析收集到的大樣本數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)目前唯一的網(wǎng)絡(luò)利他行為量表進(jìn)行適用性驗(yàn)證,同時(shí)結(jié)合訪談中收集到的相關(guān)資料分析網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用者在虛擬社會(huì)中利他行為的主要特點(diǎn)。 本研究共收集到557份有效的樣本數(shù)據(jù),被試年齡范圍為11歲至53歲,涉及學(xué)生、工人、白領(lǐng)、公務(wù)員等從業(yè)人員,受教育程度從小學(xué)到碩士研究生。由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查不受空間限制,所以研究被試存在分布范圍廣、覆蓋面大的特點(diǎn)。研究采用問卷法與訪談法相結(jié)合的方式進(jìn)行,綜合考查和分析樣本數(shù)據(jù),以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)利他行為較為客觀、全面的研究。具體有以下幾方面成果： 1.《網(wǎng)絡(luò)利他行為量表》在大范圍網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用者中施測(cè)的適用性良好。數(shù)據(jù)分析結(jié)果表明,該量表的鑒別力(CR值在0.05水平上均顯著)、信度(總量表α系數(shù)大于0.90,各分量表α系數(shù)大于0.70)和效度(每個(gè)維度與總量表相關(guān)系數(shù)都高于0.80,各個(gè)項(xiàng)目與其所屬分量表相關(guān)系數(shù)在0.60以上)均達(dá)到滿意水平,良好的結(jié)構(gòu)使得本量表可以運(yùn)用在與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)積極行為有關(guān)的測(cè)量中； 2.在虛擬環(huán)境中,以網(wǎng)絡(luò)分享為主的利他行為普遍存在。研究中,絕大多數(shù)(94%)網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用者表示對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)利他行為有著積極、正確的認(rèn)識(shí),坦言自己從事過或經(jīng)常從事利他行為,相比實(shí)際生活中的利他行為,個(gè)體在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中實(shí)施對(duì)他人有益的行為有更多的自主性； 3.經(jīng)常通過電腦上網(wǎng)的使用者有更多的利他行為。電腦使用者的網(wǎng)絡(luò)利他行為得分顯著高于手機(jī)使用者(F=8.34,p0.01),手機(jī)用戶由于受到流量等多種客觀因素的限制,表現(xiàn)出的利他行為相對(duì)較少； 4.年長(zhǎng)組(40歲及以上)和年少組(19歲及以下)有更多的利他行為：年長(zhǎng)者和年少者相對(duì)生活壓力較小,對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)這一新鮮事物的熱情度高,同時(shí)渴望得到他人的尊重和認(rèn)可,故有更多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)利他行為(F=9.69,p0.01)； 5.網(wǎng)齡和日均使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)間對(duì)利他行為產(chǎn)生有重要影響。使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)(網(wǎng)齡在五年以上、日均使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)間3小時(shí)以上)會(huì)減少利他行為的發(fā)生概率(F=9.95,p0.01；F=6.17,p0.01),并會(huì)對(duì)個(gè)體的生理和心理造成一定負(fù)面影響,使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)間適中(1-3小時(shí))的用戶是做出利他行為頻率最高的群體； 6.過低的受教育程度(小學(xué)及以下)會(huì)降低利他行為的發(fā)生頻率。受教育程度為小學(xué)及以下的被試在網(wǎng)絡(luò)利他的多個(gè)維度上得分顯著低于其他群體(總量表得分F=2.99,p0.05),應(yīng)加強(qiáng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用者的文化知識(shí)學(xué)習(xí)和社會(huì)道德教育。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development and wide spread of the Internet, people enjoy a lot of fresh information, and daily life becomes more rapid and convenient. However, in recent years, the emergence of network-related problems such as network crime, Internet addiction, and the like, it is also very annoying. How can the Internet better display its own advantages? The author believes that more active behaviors can be realized through the attention and encouragement of people in the network activities. The altruistic act is a kind of pro-social behavior that the individual voluntarily takes and helps others and does not expect to return in return, which can effectively promote the harmonious development of society. We have observed that the altruistic behavior of the network, as a manifestation of altruistic in the virtual environment, can effectively promote the stability and harmony of the network society, and it is a positive line that is worth studying and encouraging. In view of the results of the literature search, the research in this field is relatively simple, and there is a bureau that is mainly described as the main and lacks the evidence of abundant facts. The purpose of this study is to verify the applicability of the current unique network altruistic behavior scale by analyzing the collected large sample data, and to analyze the main characters of the network user's altruistic behavior in the virtual society based on the relevant data collected in the interview. The study collected 557 valid sample data, ranging from 11 to 53 years of age, to practitioners, workers, white-collar and civil servants, to a degree of education from primary to master Post-graduate students. Since the network investigation is not subject to space limitation, the research subjects have a wide range of distribution and large coverage The research adopts the combination of the questionnaire method and the interview method, and the sample data is comprehensively examined and analyzed, so as to realize the objective and comprehensive of the altruistic behavior of the network. a study of the following face-to-face Fruit:1. measured in large-scale network users Good applicability. The data analysis results show that the discrimination force of the scale (CR value is significant at 0.05 level), the reliability (the total coefficient of the total table is greater than 0.90, the correlation coefficient of each component table is greater than 0.70) and the validity (the correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total table is high) At 0.80, the correlation coefficient between each item and its own component table (more than 0.60) has reached a satisfactory level, and the good structure makes the scale applicable to active behavior with the Internet. in a closed measurement;2. In a virtual environment, a network-sharing-based interest in that study, the vast majority (94%) of the network users express a positive and correct understanding of the altruistic behavior of the network, and the fact that he has done or is often engaged in altruistic behavior, as compared to the actual life An act of altruism in a network that is beneficial to others in a network. more autonomy;3. The use of computers on the Internet The user has more altruistic behavior. The computer user's network altruistic behavior score is significantly higher than that of the mobile phone user (F = 8.34, p0.01). The altruistic behavior is relatively small;4. The older group (40 and above) and the younger group (19 years of age and below) have more altruistic behavior: the elderly and the young people have a small relative living pressure, a high degree of enthusiasm for the novelty of the network, and is also thirsty With respect and recognition of others, there are more network altruistic behaviors (F = 9.69, p0.01);5. Network age and daily use of the network There is an important influence on altruistic behavior. The use of network time is too long (over five years, the average daily use of network time for more than 3 hours) will reduce the probability of altruistic behavior (F = 9.95, p0.01; F = 6.17, p0.01) and will be subject to individual The physiology and psychology have a negative impact and users who use the network time (1-3 hours) are a group that has the highest frequency of altruism; a low level of education (primary and secondary) The frequency of the occurrence of altruism is reduced. The level of education for primary and lower primary schools is significantly lower than that of other groups (the total table score of F = 2.99, p0.05), and the use of the Internet should be strengthened
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B848

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