【摘要】：夢(mèng)是人類幾千年來一直追逐研究的對(duì)象。各領(lǐng)域有關(guān)夢(mèng)的研究碩果累累,尤其是宗教、醫(yī)學(xué)和心理學(xué)領(lǐng)域的研究對(duì)本文具有很大的啟示意義。本文通過回顧夢(mèng)境在這三個(gè)領(lǐng)域的相關(guān)理論,繼而發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的不足,引導(dǎo)我們尋找新的視角對(duì)夢(mèng)進(jìn)行解讀,即認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)角度。萊考夫、約翰遜(1980：1)在《我們賴以生存的隱喻》一書中提出“我們賴以思維和行動(dòng)的一般概念系統(tǒng),從根本上講是隱喻式的。”“隱喻的本質(zhì)是用一種事情或經(jīng)驗(yàn)去理解和經(jīng)歷另一種事情或經(jīng)驗(yàn)。”可見隱喻不僅是一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,更是一種思維和認(rèn)知現(xiàn)象。同時(shí),George Lakoff、劉宇紅等學(xué)者提出夢(mèng)境意象是一種隱喻現(xiàn)象。在確定隱喻與夢(mèng)境存在密切關(guān)系的前提下,本文運(yùn)用隱喻中具有解釋力的概念隱喻理論和概念整合理論(Fauconnier 1994)來分析夢(mèng)中的意象,以此發(fā)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)境與現(xiàn)實(shí)間的關(guān)系。由于這兩個(gè)理論在運(yùn)行過程、構(gòu)建單位、映射方式、關(guān)注焦點(diǎn)、映射方向以及恒定原則與優(yōu)化原則等方面的種種不同,在運(yùn)用于夢(mèng)的研究過程中,根據(jù)不同的夢(mèng)的意象,本文進(jìn)行了不同的分析。此外,通過對(duì)比研究我們發(fā)現(xiàn),這一新的釋夢(mèng)方式在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短,既避免了前人釋夢(mèng)方法中的不足,還為跨領(lǐng)域研究提供了一種新的思維方式。首先前人釋夢(mèng)方法的不足在于研究對(duì)象的不全面。其次,夢(mèng)是文學(xué)作品中時(shí)常運(yùn)用的表達(dá)手法,本文的研究為文學(xué)作品中的夢(mèng)境給予了一種新的思維方式。然而,這一新的研究方法也存在一些不足。首先是經(jīng)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)問題。其次是恒定原則的解釋力問題。通過此研究,不僅能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)新的視角對(duì)夢(mèng)進(jìn)行解讀,同時(shí)隱喻理論釋夢(mèng)方法與前人釋夢(mèng)方法的比較,能夠打開視野,發(fā)現(xiàn)既有研究的不足之處,從而完善釋夢(mèng)方面的研究,以及拓寬認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Dream is the object that human beings have been chasing for thousands of years. The research on dreams in various fields is fruitful, especially in the fields of religion, medicine and psychology, which is of great significance to this paper. By reviewing the relevant theories of dreams in these three fields, this paper finds out the shortcomings of dreams, and leads us to find a new perspective to interpret dreams, that is, cognitive linguistics. In metaphor for our Survival, Lakoff Johnson (1980 / 1) puts forward that "the general conceptual system on which we depend for our thinking and action is fundamentally metaphorical." "the essence of metaphor is to understand and experience another with one thing or experience." It can be seen that metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also a thinking and cognitive phenomenon. At the same time, George Lakoff, Liu Yuhong and other scholars put forward that dream image is a metaphorical phenomenon. On the premise of determining the close relationship between metaphor and dream, this paper uses conceptual metaphor theory and conceptual integration theory (Fauconnier 1994) which have explanatory power in metaphor to analyze the image in dream in order to find out the relationship between dream and reality. Because of the differences between the two theories in the process of operation, the construction of units, the way of mapping, the focus of attention, the direction of mapping, the principle of constant and the principle of optimization, in the process of applying the two theories to the study of dreams, according to the images of different dreams, Different analyses are carried out in this paper. In addition, through comparative study, we find that this new dream interpretation method, on the basis of previous studies, not only avoids the shortcomings of previous dream interpretation methods, but also provides a new way of thinking for cross-field research. First of all, the deficiency of previous dream interpretation methods lies in the incomprehensiveness of the research object. Secondly, dreams are often used in literary works. The study of this paper gives a new way of thinking for dreams in literary works. However, this new research method also has some shortcomings. The first is the basis of experience. Secondly, it is the explanatory power of the constant principle. Through this study, we can not only find a new perspective to interpret dreams, but also the comparison between metaphorical dream interpretation methods and previous dream interpretation methods can open up the field of vision and find the shortcomings of the existing research, so as to improve the study of dream interpretation. And broaden the development of cognitive linguistics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：B845.1

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