呈現(xiàn)時機提前與任務(wù)重合對事件前瞻記憶線索覺察的影響
發(fā)布時間：2019-05-25 00:18
【摘要】：前瞻記憶是人類特有的一種記憶現(xiàn)象,無時無刻不影響著我們的日常生活。前瞻記憶可定義為記得和執(zhí)行延遲意圖的能力。根據(jù)前瞻記憶的生活情境特征,研究者們設(shè)計了經(jīng)典的前瞻記憶雙任務(wù)實驗范式,將前瞻任務(wù)鑲嵌在進行中任務(wù),被試在完成進行中任務(wù)過程中,前瞻線索不經(jīng)意出現(xiàn),考察被試是否及時成功地中斷進行中任務(wù),完成前瞻任務(wù)。在前瞻記憶活動中,能否在前瞻線索出現(xiàn)時及時覺察是完成前瞻記憶任務(wù)的關(guān)鍵。前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對前瞻記憶線索覺察的可能是在進行中任務(wù)靶目標監(jiān)測完成之后才開始,然而,也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)前瞻記憶線索也存在被優(yōu)先覺察的可能性。由此,前瞻記憶線索能否被優(yōu)先覺察,在何種條件下能被優(yōu)先覺察目前還沒有一致的結(jié)論。所以,研究還需要對這一個問題進行進一步地探討。在過去的研究中,前瞻線索主要呈現(xiàn)在進行中任務(wù)的搜索序列當中,但這還不足以很好地解釋人們在前瞻記憶任務(wù)中的行為。本研究在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過把前瞻線索呈現(xiàn)時機提前在目標線索位置,從而考察前瞻記憶線索能否被優(yōu)先覺察。其次,先前研究對前瞻任務(wù)與進行中任務(wù)只是進行了簡單的操縱,前瞻任務(wù)與進行中任務(wù)分離程度較高。這并不能最大程度上地解釋前瞻記憶線索是否存在明顯的優(yōu)先覺察效應(yīng)。為了更深入去探討前瞻任務(wù)與進行中任務(wù)共同搶占注意資源的情況,研究把前瞻記憶線索呈現(xiàn)在目標位置,也同時呈現(xiàn)在搜索序列當中,使前瞻任務(wù)與進行中任務(wù)糾纏在一起,更大程度上讓任務(wù)發(fā)生重合,以考察這種任務(wù)重合性是否對前瞻記憶線索的優(yōu)先覺察產(chǎn)生抑制作用。研究采用前瞻記憶的雙任務(wù)實驗范式并運用眼動技術(shù)來考察前瞻記憶線索的覺察效應(yīng)。實驗一主要作為基線水平,前瞻線索正常呈現(xiàn),即呈現(xiàn)在搜索序列當中,以考察搜索序列下不同前瞻線索類型的覺察效應(yīng),前瞻線索能否被優(yōu)先覺察以及進行中任務(wù)對前瞻線索覺察的情況如何。實驗二則是通過改變呈現(xiàn)的時機,把前瞻線索呈現(xiàn)時機提前在目標線索位置,以考察呈現(xiàn)時機提前時前瞻線索是否能獲得優(yōu)先覺察的可能,或者進行中任務(wù)還能否被優(yōu)先加工。實驗三則是讓前瞻任務(wù)與進行中任務(wù)糾纏在一起,使前瞻任務(wù)與進行中任務(wù)更大程度上發(fā)生重合,把前瞻線索呈現(xiàn)在目標線索位置并同時呈現(xiàn)在搜索序列當中,以考任務(wù)重合對前瞻記憶線索的覺察是否具有抑制或促進作用。研究采用了三個實驗來研究不同實驗條件對前瞻記憶線索覺察的影響,得出了如下結(jié)論:第一,當前瞻線索正常呈現(xiàn)時,即在搜索序列中呈現(xiàn),大多數(shù)被試很難覺察到前瞻線索,優(yōu)先加工的可能性被進行中任務(wù)搶奪,前瞻記憶的成功完成需要比較多認知資源的消耗;尤其是當搜索序列中前瞻線索與進行中任務(wù)目標同時出現(xiàn)時,前瞻線索被覺察到的可能性更低,進行任務(wù)幾乎占據(jù)加工優(yōu)勢。第二,當前瞻線索呈現(xiàn)時機提前在目標位置時,優(yōu)先覺察前瞻線索的可能性大大增加,而且其加工所需的認知資源也比較少,很大程度上提高了前瞻記憶的表現(xiàn),極大地削弱了進行中任務(wù)的優(yōu)先加工效應(yīng)。第三,任務(wù)重合在某種程度上會抑制對前瞻記憶線索的優(yōu)先覺察,尤其是當目標靶與序列中的前瞻靶一致時,進行中任務(wù)與前瞻任務(wù)資源搶奪競爭激烈,一定程度上會誘發(fā)被試優(yōu)先做進行中任務(wù)反應(yīng)。而當目標靶與序列中的前瞻靶不一致時,這種激烈程度有所緩和。第四,前瞻記憶具備多重加工的特點,受到不同呈現(xiàn)時機和任務(wù)特征的影響。
[Abstract]:The look-ahead memory is a kind of memory that is peculiar to human, and it does not affect our daily life. The look-ahead memory can be defined as the ability to remember and execute the delay intent. According to the characteristics of the life situation of the prospective memory, the researchers have designed the classic look-ahead and memory double-task experimental paradigm, and set the forward-looking task in the process of the task. To investigate whether the participants had successfully interrupted the tasks in time and completed the forward-looking tasks. In the forward-looking memory activity, it is the key to realize the prospective memory task in time when the look-ahead clue is present. Previous studies have found that it is possible to detect a prospective memory cue only after the target monitoring of the target target is completed. However, there is also a possibility that the prospective memory leads will be perceived as a priority. As a result, the possibility of a prospective memory can be perceived as a matter of priority, and there is no consistent conclusion under which conditions to be perceived as a matter of priority. Therefore, the study needs to be further explored. In the past research, the look-ahead clue is mainly presented in the search sequence of the ongoing task, but it is not enough to explain the behavior of people in the prospective memory task well. On the basis of this study, we can see whether the prospective memory leads can be perceived as a matter of priority by advancing the timing of the look-ahead clue to the target thread position. Secondly, the previous research has only carried out the simple manipulation of the forward-looking task and the task, and the forward-looking task and the task of carrying out the task have a high degree of separation. This does not, to the maximum extent, explain whether the prospective memory leads have a significant priority perception effect. in ord to further explore that situation of the forward-looking task and the ongoing task to seize the attention resource, the research will present the look-ahead memory lead in the target position, and also present in the search sequence, so that the forward-looking task and the carry-in task are entangled together, to a greater extent the task is coincident, In ord to investigate whether that coincidence of this task has an inhibitory effect on the priority of the prospective memory cue. In this paper, we study the two-task experimental paradigm of the prospective memory and use the eye movement technique to study the perception effect of the prospective memory cue. Experiment 1 is mainly used as the baseline level, and the look-ahead clue is presented normally, that is, it is presented in the search sequence to examine the perceived effect of different look-ahead clue types under the search sequence, whether the look-ahead clue can be perceived as a matter of priority, and how the tasks are to be perceived by the forward-looking thread. Experiment 2 is to change the timing of the presentation, and lead the time of the look-ahead clue to the target thread position in advance, so as to investigate whether the lead-ahead clue can get the possibility of the priority perception when the presentation time is advanced, or whether the middle task can be processed preferentially. in that experiment, the look-ahead task and the carry-in task are entangled together to make the look-ahead task coincide with the task to be carried out to a greater degree, the look-ahead clue is presented in the target thread position and simultaneously presented in the search sequence, The detection of the prospective memory leads is inhibited or promoted by the coincidence of the examination task. In this paper, three experiments were used to study the effect of different experimental conditions on the perception of the prospective memory cue, and the following conclusions are drawn: First, when the look-ahead clue is presented normally, that is, in the search sequence, most of the subjects are difficult to perceive the look-ahead clue, the possibility of priority processing is carried out, and the successful completion of the prospective memory needs to be compared with the consumption of the multi-cognitive resources; in particular, when the look-ahead clue in the search sequence and the target of the ongoing task appear at the same time, the probability that the look-ahead clue is perceived is lower, The task almost takes advantage of the processing advantage. Secondly, when the timing of the look-ahead cue is in advance in the target position, the possibility of priority detection of the prospective leads is greatly increased, and the cognitive resources required for the processing are less, the performance of the prospective memory is greatly improved, and the priority processing effect of the ongoing task is greatly reduced. Thirdly, to some extent, the task coincides with the priority of the prospective memory, especially when the target target is in line with the forward-looking target in the sequence, the task of the task and the forward-looking task resource snatch and the competition are fierce, and a certain degree will induce the participants to perform the task response. This degree of intensity is somewhat relaxed when the target target is not in line with the prospective target in the sequence. Fourth, the prospective memory has the characteristics of multiple processing, and is affected by the timing of different presentation and the characteristics of the task.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3
本文編號：2485317
[Abstract]:The look-ahead memory is a kind of memory that is peculiar to human, and it does not affect our daily life. The look-ahead memory can be defined as the ability to remember and execute the delay intent. According to the characteristics of the life situation of the prospective memory, the researchers have designed the classic look-ahead and memory double-task experimental paradigm, and set the forward-looking task in the process of the task. To investigate whether the participants had successfully interrupted the tasks in time and completed the forward-looking tasks. In the forward-looking memory activity, it is the key to realize the prospective memory task in time when the look-ahead clue is present. Previous studies have found that it is possible to detect a prospective memory cue only after the target monitoring of the target target is completed. However, there is also a possibility that the prospective memory leads will be perceived as a priority. As a result, the possibility of a prospective memory can be perceived as a matter of priority, and there is no consistent conclusion under which conditions to be perceived as a matter of priority. Therefore, the study needs to be further explored. In the past research, the look-ahead clue is mainly presented in the search sequence of the ongoing task, but it is not enough to explain the behavior of people in the prospective memory task well. On the basis of this study, we can see whether the prospective memory leads can be perceived as a matter of priority by advancing the timing of the look-ahead clue to the target thread position. Secondly, the previous research has only carried out the simple manipulation of the forward-looking task and the task, and the forward-looking task and the task of carrying out the task have a high degree of separation. This does not, to the maximum extent, explain whether the prospective memory leads have a significant priority perception effect. in ord to further explore that situation of the forward-looking task and the ongoing task to seize the attention resource, the research will present the look-ahead memory lead in the target position, and also present in the search sequence, so that the forward-looking task and the carry-in task are entangled together, to a greater extent the task is coincident, In ord to investigate whether that coincidence of this task has an inhibitory effect on the priority of the prospective memory cue. In this paper, we study the two-task experimental paradigm of the prospective memory and use the eye movement technique to study the perception effect of the prospective memory cue. Experiment 1 is mainly used as the baseline level, and the look-ahead clue is presented normally, that is, it is presented in the search sequence to examine the perceived effect of different look-ahead clue types under the search sequence, whether the look-ahead clue can be perceived as a matter of priority, and how the tasks are to be perceived by the forward-looking thread. Experiment 2 is to change the timing of the presentation, and lead the time of the look-ahead clue to the target thread position in advance, so as to investigate whether the lead-ahead clue can get the possibility of the priority perception when the presentation time is advanced, or whether the middle task can be processed preferentially. in that experiment, the look-ahead task and the carry-in task are entangled together to make the look-ahead task coincide with the task to be carried out to a greater degree, the look-ahead clue is presented in the target thread position and simultaneously presented in the search sequence, The detection of the prospective memory leads is inhibited or promoted by the coincidence of the examination task. In this paper, three experiments were used to study the effect of different experimental conditions on the perception of the prospective memory cue, and the following conclusions are drawn: First, when the look-ahead clue is presented normally, that is, in the search sequence, most of the subjects are difficult to perceive the look-ahead clue, the possibility of priority processing is carried out, and the successful completion of the prospective memory needs to be compared with the consumption of the multi-cognitive resources; in particular, when the look-ahead clue in the search sequence and the target of the ongoing task appear at the same time, the probability that the look-ahead clue is perceived is lower, The task almost takes advantage of the processing advantage. Secondly, when the timing of the look-ahead cue is in advance in the target position, the possibility of priority detection of the prospective leads is greatly increased, and the cognitive resources required for the processing are less, the performance of the prospective memory is greatly improved, and the priority processing effect of the ongoing task is greatly reduced. Thirdly, to some extent, the task coincides with the priority of the prospective memory, especially when the target target is in line with the forward-looking target in the sequence, the task of the task and the forward-looking task resource snatch and the competition are fierce, and a certain degree will induce the participants to perform the task response. This degree of intensity is somewhat relaxed when the target target is not in line with the prospective target in the sequence. Fourth, the prospective memory has the characteristics of multiple processing, and is affected by the timing of different presentation and the characteristics of the task.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3
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