【摘要】：日常問(wèn)題解決能力也稱(chēng)實(shí)用智力，，是個(gè)體在處理現(xiàn)實(shí)生活問(wèn)題的思維過(guò)程，以及由此積累起來(lái)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。日常問(wèn)題解決能力與基本認(rèn)知能力，尤其是與記憶能力和推理能力相關(guān)。其中記憶是人腦對(duì)輸入的信息進(jìn)行編碼、存儲(chǔ)和提取的過(guò)程，根據(jù)不同的分類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以將記憶分為多種類(lèi)型，但與日常問(wèn)題解決能力密切相關(guān)的是工作記憶能力，它是在信息加工過(guò)程中對(duì)信息進(jìn)行暫時(shí)性加工和存儲(chǔ)的一個(gè)能量有限的記憶系統(tǒng)。另外，推理作為智力的核心成分，也是影響日常問(wèn)題解決能力不可缺少的因素之一。目前對(duì)于推理能力的研究材料主要有圖形推理和文字推理這兩種。相對(duì)而言，圖形推理比較直觀可行，而且可以避免知識(shí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、語(yǔ)言能力以及其他因素的影響，能夠更加客觀地反映個(gè)體的思維發(fā)展過(guò)程。因此，本研究中采用圖形推理材料來(lái)考察老年人的推理能力。 本研究采取問(wèn)卷法和測(cè)驗(yàn)法對(duì)211名60-84歲年齡段的老年人的日常問(wèn)題解決能力、工作記憶廣度和圖形推理能力進(jìn)行考察，采用多元方差分析、相關(guān)分析、回歸分析和結(jié)構(gòu)方程模型等方法對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理和分析，旨在了解老年人日常問(wèn)題解決能力、工作記憶廣度和推理能力的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，并對(duì)上述三者之間可能存在的關(guān)系進(jìn)行深入探討。 通過(guò)對(duì)老年人日常問(wèn)題解決能力與工作記憶、推理能力的關(guān)系進(jìn)行研究，了解其能力水平，將有助于為后期的干預(yù)訓(xùn)練提供前提和準(zhǔn)備，進(jìn)而對(duì)維護(hù)和提高老年人的生活獨(dú)立性及生活質(zhì)量、緩解老年化的社會(huì)壓力做一些貢獻(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:The ability to solve daily problems is also called practical intelligence. It is the thinking process of the individual in dealing with real life problems and the experience accumulated therefrom. Daily problem solving ability is related to basic cognitive ability, especially memory ability and reasoning ability. Memory is the process in which the human brain encodes, stores and extracts the input information. According to different classification criteria, memory can be divided into many types, but the working memory ability is closely related to the ability to solve daily problems. It is a memory system with limited energy to process and store information temporarily in the process of information processing. In addition, reasoning, as the core component of intelligence, is also one of the indispensable factors to affect the ability of solving daily problems. At present, there are two main research materials on reasoning ability: graphic reasoning and literal reasoning. Relatively speaking, graphic reasoning is more intuitive and feasible, and can avoid the influence of knowledge, experience, language ability and other factors, and can reflect the individual's thinking development process more objectively. Therefore, in this study, graphic reasoning materials were used to investigate the reasoning ability of the elderly. In this study, the daily problem-solving ability, working memory span and graphic reasoning ability of 211 60-84-year-old people were investigated by questionnaire method and test method, and multivariate analysis of variance and correlation analysis were used. Regression analysis and structural equation model are used to organize and analyze the data in order to understand the development trend of elderly people's ability to solve daily problems, working memory span and reasoning ability. And the possible relationship among the above three is discussed in depth. Through the study of the relationship between the elderly's ability to solve daily problems, working memory and reasoning ability, and understanding their ability level, it will be helpful to provide the premise and preparation for the later intervention training. It also contributes to the maintenance and improvement of the independence and quality of life of the elderly and the relief of the aging social pressure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：贛南師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B844.4

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