公正世界信念對(duì)跨期選擇的影響研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-03-04 13:56
【摘要】：跨期選擇(intertemporal choice,文中有時(shí)簡(jiǎn)稱“IC”)是指決策者對(duì)不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)上事物所需成本或收益進(jìn)行權(quán)衡后做出的選擇。近年來(lái),跨期選擇的偏好及其影響因素逐漸受到關(guān)注。公正世界信念(belief in a just world,文中有時(shí)簡(jiǎn)稱“信念”或“BJW”)是Lerner提出的概念,認(rèn)為“個(gè)體有這樣一種需要:相信他們生活的世界是公正的,人們得其所應(yīng)得,所得即應(yīng)得�！边@種信念使人們相信所處的世界是有序的,結(jié)果是可以預(yù)測(cè)的,只有在這樣的前提下,人們才會(huì)對(duì)未來(lái)有信心,追求長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo),并相信最終會(huì)得其所應(yīng)得。這一信念的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵性結(jié)果就是人們可以將較小的短期回報(bào)先擱置而去追求較大的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)回報(bào)。在跨期選擇中,不同公正世界信念水平的個(gè)體是否具有不同的選擇偏好呢?為此,本研究著重探討公正世界信念對(duì)跨期選擇的影響,并加入延遲時(shí)間和情景因素進(jìn)行更具體、客觀的分析。本研究分為三個(gè)部分,研究一采用問(wèn)卷法,以650名大學(xué)生為被試,尋求公正世界信念與跨期選擇的相關(guān)關(guān)系;研究二采用3 (信念操作:威脅/肯定/控制)×5 (延遲時(shí)間:7天/30天/90天/180天/365天)的混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),以100名大學(xué)生為被試,考察公正世界信念對(duì)獲益情景下跨期選擇的影響;研究三采用3 (信念操作:威脅/肯定/控制)×5 (延遲時(shí)間:7天/30天/90天/180天/365天)的混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),以96名大學(xué)生為被試,探討公正世界信念對(duì)損失情景下跨期選擇的影響。結(jié)果顯示:(1)公正世界信念與跨期選擇存在顯著的正相關(guān)關(guān)系,被試的公正世界信念越高,在跨期選擇中越傾向于選擇延遲選項(xiàng)。(2)獲益情景下,信念操作的主效應(yīng)顯著,信念威脅組在跨期選擇中更傾向于即時(shí)選項(xiàng),而信念肯定組更傾向于延遲選項(xiàng);延遲時(shí)間的主效應(yīng)顯著,隨著延遲時(shí)間的增加,被試對(duì)即時(shí)選項(xiàng)更加偏好;二者的交互效應(yīng)不顯著。(3)損失情景下,信念操作的主效應(yīng)不顯著,延遲時(shí)間的主效應(yīng)顯著,二者的交互效應(yīng)不顯著。研究結(jié)論:(1)不同公正世界信念水平的個(gè)體具有不同的跨期選擇偏好,高公正世界信念的個(gè)體更傾向于延遲獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),而低公正世界信念的個(gè)體更傾向于即時(shí)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。(2)公正世界信念對(duì)跨期選擇的影響在損益情景下出現(xiàn)分離:在獲益情景下,個(gè)體的公正世界信念得到肯定更傾向于延遲獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),而當(dāng)個(gè)體的公正世界信念受到威脅更傾向于即時(shí)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。在損失情景下并不存在這一影響效應(yīng)。(3)延遲時(shí)間對(duì)跨期選擇的影響在不同情景下效應(yīng)類似:隨著延遲時(shí)間的增大,個(gè)體不管是對(duì)于收益還是損失,都不愿意投入更多的時(shí)間去等待,而是偏向于當(dāng)下能夠獲得的或者當(dāng)下可以解決的損失。
[Abstract]:Intertemporal selection (intertemporal choice, (sometimes referred to as "IC") refers to the decision-maker's choice after weighing the costs or benefits of things at different points of time. In recent years, the preference of intertemporal choice and its influencing factors have been paid more and more attention. Just World belief in (belief in a just world, (sometimes referred to as "belief" or "BJW") is a concept proposed by Lerner that "individuals have a need to believe that the world in which they live is just and that people deserve what they deserve." You get what you get. " This belief leads people to believe that the world is orderly and the outcome is predictable. It is only on this premise that people will have confidence in the future, pursue long-term goals, and believe that they will eventually get what they deserve. A key result of this belief is that smaller short-term returns can be shelved in pursuit of greater long-term returns. Do individuals with different levels of belief in the just world have different choice preferences in intertemporal selection? Therefore, this study focuses on the influence of fair world belief on intertemporal choice, and makes a more specific and objective analysis by adding delay time and situational factors. This study is divided into three parts. In the first study, 650 college students were selected as subjects to find the correlation between the belief in the just world and the intertemporal choice. In the second study, 100 college students were selected as subjects, using 3 (belief operation: threat / affirmation / control) 脳 5 (delay time: 7 days / 30 days / 90 days / 180 days / 365 days). To investigate the influence of fair world belief on intertemporal choice under the benefit scenario; In the third study, 96 college students were selected as subjects, using 3 (belief operation: threat / affirmation / control) 脳 5 (delay time: 7 days / 30 days / 90 days / 180 days / 365 days). This paper discusses the influence of fair world belief on intertemporal choice in loss scenario. The results show that: (1) there is a significant positive correlation between just world belief and intertemporal choice. The higher the belief in fair world, the more inclined to choose delay option in intertemporal selection. (2) under the benefit scenario, the higher the belief in fair world is, the more likely it is to choose delay option in intertemporal selection. The main effect of belief operation was significant. Belief threat group was more inclined to immediate option in intertemporal selection, and belief positive group preferred to delay option, while belief threat group was more inclined to delay option than belief threat group in intertemporal selection. The main effect of delay time was significant. With the increase of delay time, participants preferred the immediate option more. (3) in the case of loss, the main effect of belief operation is not significant, the main effect of delay time is significant, and the interaction effect of the two is not significant. The conclusions are as follows: (1) individuals with different levels of belief in the just world have different preferences for intertemporal choice, and individuals with high fairer world beliefs tend to delay rewards. (2) the influence of fair world belief on intertemporal choice is separated in the profit and loss scenario: in the benefit scenario, the affirmation of the individual's just world belief is more likely to delay the reward, and (2) the influence of the fair world belief on the intertemporal choice is separated in the profit and loss scenario. And when an individual's belief in the just world is threatened, he or she is more likely to receive immediate rewards. This effect does not exist in the loss scenario. (3) the effect of delay time on intertemporal selection is similar in different scenarios: with the increase of delay time, individuals, whether for profit or loss, have the same effect. Rather than devote more time to waiting, they tend to focus on losses that can be acquired or resolved at the moment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842
[Abstract]:Intertemporal selection (intertemporal choice, (sometimes referred to as "IC") refers to the decision-maker's choice after weighing the costs or benefits of things at different points of time. In recent years, the preference of intertemporal choice and its influencing factors have been paid more and more attention. Just World belief in (belief in a just world, (sometimes referred to as "belief" or "BJW") is a concept proposed by Lerner that "individuals have a need to believe that the world in which they live is just and that people deserve what they deserve." You get what you get. " This belief leads people to believe that the world is orderly and the outcome is predictable. It is only on this premise that people will have confidence in the future, pursue long-term goals, and believe that they will eventually get what they deserve. A key result of this belief is that smaller short-term returns can be shelved in pursuit of greater long-term returns. Do individuals with different levels of belief in the just world have different choice preferences in intertemporal selection? Therefore, this study focuses on the influence of fair world belief on intertemporal choice, and makes a more specific and objective analysis by adding delay time and situational factors. This study is divided into three parts. In the first study, 650 college students were selected as subjects to find the correlation between the belief in the just world and the intertemporal choice. In the second study, 100 college students were selected as subjects, using 3 (belief operation: threat / affirmation / control) 脳 5 (delay time: 7 days / 30 days / 90 days / 180 days / 365 days). To investigate the influence of fair world belief on intertemporal choice under the benefit scenario; In the third study, 96 college students were selected as subjects, using 3 (belief operation: threat / affirmation / control) 脳 5 (delay time: 7 days / 30 days / 90 days / 180 days / 365 days). This paper discusses the influence of fair world belief on intertemporal choice in loss scenario. The results show that: (1) there is a significant positive correlation between just world belief and intertemporal choice. The higher the belief in fair world, the more inclined to choose delay option in intertemporal selection. (2) under the benefit scenario, the higher the belief in fair world is, the more likely it is to choose delay option in intertemporal selection. The main effect of belief operation was significant. Belief threat group was more inclined to immediate option in intertemporal selection, and belief positive group preferred to delay option, while belief threat group was more inclined to delay option than belief threat group in intertemporal selection. The main effect of delay time was significant. With the increase of delay time, participants preferred the immediate option more. (3) in the case of loss, the main effect of belief operation is not significant, the main effect of delay time is significant, and the interaction effect of the two is not significant. The conclusions are as follows: (1) individuals with different levels of belief in the just world have different preferences for intertemporal choice, and individuals with high fairer world beliefs tend to delay rewards. (2) the influence of fair world belief on intertemporal choice is separated in the profit and loss scenario: in the benefit scenario, the affirmation of the individual's just world belief is more likely to delay the reward, and (2) the influence of the fair world belief on the intertemporal choice is separated in the profit and loss scenario. And when an individual's belief in the just world is threatened, he or she is more likely to receive immediate rewards. This effect does not exist in the loss scenario. (3) the effect of delay time on intertemporal selection is similar in different scenarios: with the increase of delay time, individuals, whether for profit or loss, have the same effect. Rather than devote more time to waiting, they tend to focus on losses that can be acquired or resolved at the moment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 佘升翔;鄭小偉;周R，
本文編號(hào)：2434323
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