兒童焦慮及其影響因素研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-03-04 16:27
【摘要】：焦慮是童年期常見的一種情緒體驗(yàn),學(xué)前兒童的生理、心理在不斷成長變化,因此他們在面對壓力或內(nèi)心的沖突時,會產(chǎn)生焦慮的情緒。適度的焦慮是有助于兒童更好地完成任務(wù)并避免危險(xiǎn),有利于兒童學(xué)習(xí)能力、解決問題能力的發(fā)展,但過度焦慮對日后的幼兒園適應(yīng)會產(chǎn)生消極影響,并容易導(dǎo)致焦慮障礙,這是最為常見的兒童精神疾病之一,會使兒童出現(xiàn)許多行為問題,嚴(yán)重影響兒童的心理健康。本研究將考察兒童焦慮特質(zhì)及影響兒童焦慮的因素。研究采用短期追蹤研究設(shè)計(jì),對上海地區(qū)243名兒童(小班兒童132名和中班兒童111名)使用問卷法評價(jià)學(xué)前兒童的焦慮水平(學(xué)前兒童焦慮量表,母親評定)、兒童社會偏好(兒童社會偏好量表,母親評定),母親的成人依戀(親密關(guān)系經(jīng)歷量表,母親評定)、母子依戀(親子關(guān)系量表,母親評定),以及母親的人格特征(大五人格量表,母親評定),進(jìn)行一年的短期追蹤研究,結(jié)果表明:1.在一年內(nèi),學(xué)前兒童不安全親子依戀的發(fā)展有一定的穩(wěn)定性,并且存在性別差異。2.在一年內(nèi),學(xué)前兒童焦慮癥狀發(fā)展有一定的穩(wěn)定性,不存在性別差異,但存在年級差異。同時段,年齡較大的兒童的分離焦慮、社交恐懼水平明顯低于年齡較小的兒童,但是其強(qiáng)迫沖動障礙明顯高于年齡較小的兒童。3.害羞氣質(zhì)存在性別差異,并且存在性別和年級的交互作用,小班男孩的害羞氣質(zhì)較女孩更為明顯,害羞氣質(zhì)在中班兒童中沒有性別差異�？刂屏诵詣e和年級之后,兒童害羞氣質(zhì)對兒童焦慮有顯著的預(yù)測作用。4.母親的依戀回避和依戀焦慮不僅會對兒童焦慮產(chǎn)生直接的影響,而且還會通過不安全親子依戀對兒童焦慮產(chǎn)生間接的影響:(1)回避型的親子依戀在母親的依戀回避與兒童焦慮間起部分中介作用;(2)矛盾型的親子依戀在母親的依戀焦慮與兒童焦慮間起部分中介作用;(3)回避型的親子依戀在母親的依戀焦慮與兒童焦慮間起部分中介作用。5.早期的兒童焦慮能夠預(yù)測后期的不安全親子依戀,兒童焦慮對親子依戀質(zhì)量會產(chǎn)生影響。研究對親子依戀、成人依戀和兒童焦慮的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了討論,并對父母的教養(yǎng)方式提出了自己的觀點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Anxiety is a common mood experience in childhood, and the physiology and psychology of pre-school children are changing constantly, so they can produce anxiety in the face of pressure or internal conflicts. Moderate anxiety is a better way for children to complete their tasks and to avoid dangers, which is conducive to the development of children's learning and problem-solving skills, but over-anxiety can have a negative impact on future kindergarten adaptation and can lead to anxiety disorders, This is one of the most common childhood mental illness, which will lead to a number of behavioural problems in children, which seriously affect the mental health of children. This study will examine the characteristics of children's anxiety and the factors that affect children's anxiety. A short-term follow-up study was used to evaluate the anxiety of preschool children (the pre-school children's anxiety scale, the mother's assessment) and the children's social preference (the children's social preference scale) using the questionnaire method. Mother's assessment), mother's adult attachment (close relationship experience scale, mother's rating), mother and child attachment (parent-child relationship scale, mother assessment), and mother's personality characteristics (five personality scale, mother assessment), and a year of short-term follow-up study, the results showed:1. In one year, the development of child-parent attachment in pre-school children has certain stability, and there is a gender difference. In one year, there is a certain stability in the development of the anxiety symptoms of pre-school children, and there is no gender difference, but there is a grade difference. At the same time, the anxiety of the children with larger age and the level of social fear were lower than that of the younger children, but the forced impulse disorder was significantly higher than that of the younger children. There is a gender difference in the shy temperament, and there is the interaction between the sex and the grade. The shy temperament of the small-class boy is more obvious than that of the girl. The shy temperament has no gender difference in the middle class children. After the control of the gender and grade, the child's shy temperament has a marked effect on the child's anxiety. The mother's attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety can not only have a direct influence on the children's anxiety, but also have an indirect influence on the child's anxiety through the non-safe parent-child attachment: (1) the avoidance-type parent-child attachment plays a part of the intermediate role between the mother's attachment avoidance and the child's anxiety; (2) The parent-child attachment of the contradictory type plays a part of the mediating role between the attachment anxiety of the mother and the anxiety of the child; and (3) the parent-child attachment of the avoidance type plays a part of the intermediate role between the attachment anxiety of the mother and the anxiety of the child. The early child's anxiety can predict the non-safe parent-child attachment in the later stage, and the child's anxiety will have an effect on the parent-child attachment quality. The relationship between parent-child attachment, adult attachment and child's anxiety was discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.6
本文編號：2434429
[Abstract]:Anxiety is a common mood experience in childhood, and the physiology and psychology of pre-school children are changing constantly, so they can produce anxiety in the face of pressure or internal conflicts. Moderate anxiety is a better way for children to complete their tasks and to avoid dangers, which is conducive to the development of children's learning and problem-solving skills, but over-anxiety can have a negative impact on future kindergarten adaptation and can lead to anxiety disorders, This is one of the most common childhood mental illness, which will lead to a number of behavioural problems in children, which seriously affect the mental health of children. This study will examine the characteristics of children's anxiety and the factors that affect children's anxiety. A short-term follow-up study was used to evaluate the anxiety of preschool children (the pre-school children's anxiety scale, the mother's assessment) and the children's social preference (the children's social preference scale) using the questionnaire method. Mother's assessment), mother's adult attachment (close relationship experience scale, mother's rating), mother and child attachment (parent-child relationship scale, mother assessment), and mother's personality characteristics (five personality scale, mother assessment), and a year of short-term follow-up study, the results showed:1. In one year, the development of child-parent attachment in pre-school children has certain stability, and there is a gender difference. In one year, there is a certain stability in the development of the anxiety symptoms of pre-school children, and there is no gender difference, but there is a grade difference. At the same time, the anxiety of the children with larger age and the level of social fear were lower than that of the younger children, but the forced impulse disorder was significantly higher than that of the younger children. There is a gender difference in the shy temperament, and there is the interaction between the sex and the grade. The shy temperament of the small-class boy is more obvious than that of the girl. The shy temperament has no gender difference in the middle class children. After the control of the gender and grade, the child's shy temperament has a marked effect on the child's anxiety. The mother's attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety can not only have a direct influence on the children's anxiety, but also have an indirect influence on the child's anxiety through the non-safe parent-child attachment: (1) the avoidance-type parent-child attachment plays a part of the intermediate role between the mother's attachment avoidance and the child's anxiety; (2) The parent-child attachment of the contradictory type plays a part of the mediating role between the attachment anxiety of the mother and the anxiety of the child; and (3) the parent-child attachment of the avoidance type plays a part of the intermediate role between the attachment anxiety of the mother and the anxiety of the child. The early child's anxiety can predict the non-safe parent-child attachment in the later stage, and the child's anxiety will have an effect on the parent-child attachment quality. The relationship between parent-child attachment, adult attachment and child's anxiety was discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.6
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