不同彈性受心理虐待兒童的社會關(guān)系認知
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-23 09:21
【摘要】：逆境是一種人生的考驗，有人在逆境中沉淪，但也有人在逆境中重生。心理彈性（Resilience）是個體經(jīng)歷逆境仍能積極適應(yīng)、維持或恢復(fù)心理健康的能力，，也是個體在逆境下調(diào)動積極因素應(yīng)對危機的動態(tài)過程。兒童期的經(jīng)歷可能影響成年后的身心狀態(tài)，家庭是兒童成長的首要環(huán)境，兒童心理虐待（Psychological Maltreatment）一方面涉及照顧者的不利撫養(yǎng)行為，另一方面則強調(diào)不利行為對兒童身心發(fā)展的不良結(jié)果。本文以社會關(guān)系認知為切入點，聚焦受心理虐待兒童的心理彈性問題，良好的社會支持系統(tǒng)和兒童積極的社會關(guān)系認知是受心理虐待兒童的保護因素。關(guān)注受心理虐待兒童心理彈性的發(fā)展，對其往后的社會適應(yīng)和職業(yè)成就具有預(yù)見性意義，也是及早對其進行心理干預(yù)的重要依據(jù)。 本研究結(jié)合問卷法和實驗法，研究四到六年級不同彈性受心理虐待兒童的社會關(guān)系認知特點。首先，利用多信源匯聚操作甄別法，研究611名被試了解心理虐待呈陽性兒童的心理彈性，包括對發(fā)展功能的各項綜合指標(biāo)進行評估，篩選出心理彈性兒童和缺乏心理彈性兒童，作為進一步實驗的被試。其次，采用組間設(shè)計對受心理虐待彈性組合缺乏彈性組的兒童共88名進行單類內(nèi)隱聯(lián)想測驗，探討兒童對父母的內(nèi)隱態(tài)度，區(qū)分高彈性兒童和缺乏彈性兒童在心理虐待處境下對父母的內(nèi)隱態(tài)度的差異性。再次，通過假設(shè)情境法等考察受心理虐待兒童對師生、同伴關(guān)系的認知。最后，兒童對親子關(guān)系、師生關(guān)系和同伴關(guān)系的認知決定了其社會支持系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量，如果良好的社會支持可以預(yù)測兒童良好的綜合發(fā)展功能，則說明良好的社會支持及兒童對社會關(guān)系的認可對降低心理虐待的傷害具有積極意義。 研究得出以下結(jié)論：（1）611名被試中，297人心理虐待呈陽性，占48.6%。受心理虐待的心理彈性兒童144人（占49.7%），缺乏心理彈性者146人（占50.3%），兩者人數(shù)分布差異并不顯著。（2）心理彈性兒童和缺乏心理彈性兒童分布的性別差異顯著，受心理虐待的情況下，心理彈性的男性顯著多于女性。（3）受心理虐待彈性兒童對親子關(guān)系的內(nèi)隱態(tài)度比缺乏心理彈性的兒童更為積極，這種內(nèi)隱態(tài)度與兒童的綜合發(fā)展功能呈顯著正相關(guān)，說明積極的親子關(guān)系是兒童受心理虐待重要的保護性因素之一。（4）心理虐待彈性兒童在三類社會關(guān)系背景下情感維度的認可度均高于缺乏彈性組兒童；在不同假設(shè)情境下，心理虐待彈性兒童比缺乏彈性兒童更傾向于向老師、同學(xué)或朋友傾訴自己的遭遇，或請求幫助。（5）積極的師生、同伴關(guān)系和支持尋求與受心理虐待兒童心理彈性的發(fā)展存在顯著正相關(guān)，同伴關(guān)系和支持尋求能有效預(yù)測受心理虐待兒童心理彈性的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Adversity is the test of life. Some people sink in adversity, but others are reborn in adversity. (Resilience) is not only the ability of individuals to adapt to adversity, maintain or restore their mental health, but also the dynamic process of mobilizing positive factors to cope with crisis. Childhood experiences may affect the state of mind and body in adulthood, and the family is the primary environment for children to grow up. Child psychological abuse (Psychological Maltreatment) involves the adverse upbringing behavior of caregivers on the one hand, On the other hand, it emphasizes the adverse effects of adverse behaviors on children's physical and mental development. This paper focuses on the psychological elasticity of abused children. The good social support system and children's positive social relationship cognition are the protective factors of psychologically abused children. Paying attention to the development of psychological elasticity of children suffering from psychological abuse is of predictive significance to their social adaptation and professional achievement in the future, and is also an important basis for early psychological intervention. In this study, the cognitive characteristics of social relations of children with different levels of psychological abuse were studied by questionnaire and experiment. First of all, 611 subjects were studied to understand the psychological resilience of children with positive psychological abuse, including the evaluation of the comprehensive indicators of their developmental function, and to screen out the children with psychological resilience and lack of psychological resilience by using the multi-source convergence operation screening method. As subjects for further experiments. Secondly, 88 children in the inflexible group who were subjected to psychological abuse were tested with a single-class implicit association test by intergroup design to explore the implicit attitude towards their parents. The difference of implicit attitude towards parents between high elastic children and inflexible children under the condition of psychological abuse. Thirdly, the cognition of teachers and students and peer relationship of abused children was investigated by hypothetical situational method. Finally, children's cognition of parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship and peer relationship determines the quality of their social support system. It shows that good social support and children's recognition of social relations have positive significance in reducing the harm of psychological abuse. The conclusions are as follows: (1) 297 of 611 subjects were positive for psychological abuse, accounting for 48.6%. 144 (49.7%) children were mentally abused and 146 (50.3%) were lack of mental resilience. There was no significant difference in the distribution between the two groups. (2) there were significant gender differences in the distribution of children with mental resilience and lack of psychological resilience, and in the case of psychological abuse, (3) the implicit attitude towards parent-child relationship was more active in children with psychological abuse than that in children with lack of psychological flexibility, and the implicit attitude was positively related to the comprehensive development function of children. It shows that positive parent-child relationship is one of the important protective factors for children suffering from psychological abuse. (4) the recognition degree of emotional dimension of psychological abuse elastic children is higher than that of inelastic children under the background of three kinds of social relations; In different hypothetical situations, resilient children are more likely to talk about their experiences to teachers, classmates or friends than inflexible children, or ask for help. (5) active teachers and students, Peer relationship and support seeking were positively correlated with the development of psychological resilience of abused children. Peer relationship and support seeking could effectively predict the development of psychological resilience of abused children.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842
本文編號：2428674
[Abstract]:Adversity is the test of life. Some people sink in adversity, but others are reborn in adversity. (Resilience) is not only the ability of individuals to adapt to adversity, maintain or restore their mental health, but also the dynamic process of mobilizing positive factors to cope with crisis. Childhood experiences may affect the state of mind and body in adulthood, and the family is the primary environment for children to grow up. Child psychological abuse (Psychological Maltreatment) involves the adverse upbringing behavior of caregivers on the one hand, On the other hand, it emphasizes the adverse effects of adverse behaviors on children's physical and mental development. This paper focuses on the psychological elasticity of abused children. The good social support system and children's positive social relationship cognition are the protective factors of psychologically abused children. Paying attention to the development of psychological elasticity of children suffering from psychological abuse is of predictive significance to their social adaptation and professional achievement in the future, and is also an important basis for early psychological intervention. In this study, the cognitive characteristics of social relations of children with different levels of psychological abuse were studied by questionnaire and experiment. First of all, 611 subjects were studied to understand the psychological resilience of children with positive psychological abuse, including the evaluation of the comprehensive indicators of their developmental function, and to screen out the children with psychological resilience and lack of psychological resilience by using the multi-source convergence operation screening method. As subjects for further experiments. Secondly, 88 children in the inflexible group who were subjected to psychological abuse were tested with a single-class implicit association test by intergroup design to explore the implicit attitude towards their parents. The difference of implicit attitude towards parents between high elastic children and inflexible children under the condition of psychological abuse. Thirdly, the cognition of teachers and students and peer relationship of abused children was investigated by hypothetical situational method. Finally, children's cognition of parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship and peer relationship determines the quality of their social support system. It shows that good social support and children's recognition of social relations have positive significance in reducing the harm of psychological abuse. The conclusions are as follows: (1) 297 of 611 subjects were positive for psychological abuse, accounting for 48.6%. 144 (49.7%) children were mentally abused and 146 (50.3%) were lack of mental resilience. There was no significant difference in the distribution between the two groups. (2) there were significant gender differences in the distribution of children with mental resilience and lack of psychological resilience, and in the case of psychological abuse, (3) the implicit attitude towards parent-child relationship was more active in children with psychological abuse than that in children with lack of psychological flexibility, and the implicit attitude was positively related to the comprehensive development function of children. It shows that positive parent-child relationship is one of the important protective factors for children suffering from psychological abuse. (4) the recognition degree of emotional dimension of psychological abuse elastic children is higher than that of inelastic children under the background of three kinds of social relations; In different hypothetical situations, resilient children are more likely to talk about their experiences to teachers, classmates or friends than inflexible children, or ask for help. (5) active teachers and students, Peer relationship and support seeking were positively correlated with the development of psychological resilience of abused children. Peer relationship and support seeking could effectively predict the development of psychological resilience of abused children.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842
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