【摘要】：在現(xiàn)代信息發(fā)達(dá)的社會中，我們往往能在第一時間通過多種信息渠道了解全國的熱點(diǎn)事件。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們一般對涉及社會明星、富豪及權(quán)貴等高社會地位人群的負(fù)面新聞的討論比一般群眾的負(fù)面新聞更加激烈，譴責(zé)的輿論更加強(qiáng)烈，并且有兩個不同社會地位參與的沖突事件（如城管與小販）中。人們往往第一時間會認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)勢者一方在欺壓弱勢者一方，將事件的罪魁禍?zhǔn)讱w結(jié)為強(qiáng)勢者一方。有關(guān)弱勢者效應(yīng)的研究表明，弱者的身份會帶來更多的社會支持，但是有關(guān)這種支持效應(yīng)的研究并未延伸到負(fù)性的社會事件中，尤其是對弱者負(fù)性行為的道德判斷。雖然社會道德準(zhǔn)則是固定的，但是人自身的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是變化的，受多種因素的影響，對弱勢者的支持與同情會不會影響對其不道德行為的道德判斷？比起高地位人群，弱勢者的不道德是否更容易受到寬恕，擁有更多的不道德行為許可？ 本研究在弱勢者效應(yīng)的研究基礎(chǔ)上，以不道德事件為情境，進(jìn)一步研究弱勢者在社會負(fù)性事件中的道德優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)及影響因素。首先研究一材料設(shè)計了兩種不同的情境，被試要求在閱讀完材料后對行為的不道德程度及其事后報復(fù)動機(jī)上進(jìn)行打分，在道德認(rèn)知與寬恕行為傾向上探討弱勢者與強(qiáng)勢者之間的差異。研究二主要探討影響弱勢者道德優(yōu)勢的因素，研究分為兩個子實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)一探討行為指向性對弱勢者道德優(yōu)勢的影響，從現(xiàn)實(shí)情境出發(fā)，，研究當(dāng)社會個體自身處于道德情境時的道德行為表現(xiàn)；實(shí)驗(yàn)二中材料更多突出情境壓力，探討行為動機(jī)對人們道德決策的影響。研究結(jié)果表明： （1）社會弱勢者在類似惡性競爭的負(fù)性社會事件中往往容易第一時間受到人們的支持偏向，我們稱之為弱勢者效應(yīng)，即使在明確做出不道德行為情況下，對社會弱勢者行為的道德譴責(zé)也更輕，更容易被寬恕，即為弱勢者存在道德上的優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)。 （2）弱勢者的道德優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)受行為指向性影響，不關(guān)乎自己的利益時，人們會無條件支持弱勢者，并容易寬恕其行為；但一旦關(guān)乎自己利益時，人們會像譴責(zé)強(qiáng)勢者那樣譴責(zé)弱者的行為，并且不容易受到當(dāng)事者寬恕。 （3）行為動機(jī)影響弱勢者道德優(yōu)勢現(xiàn)象，動機(jī)能使弱勢者與強(qiáng)勢者發(fā)生身份轉(zhuǎn)換，一旦讓人們感受到弱勢者的行為是惡意的，弱勢者會被看作強(qiáng)勢者一方，弱勢者的道德優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)消失；如果人們感受到強(qiáng)勢者的行為動機(jī)時無害的或是被迫的，人們對其行為同樣有道德上的寬恕。
[Abstract]:In the modern information-developed society, we can often know the hot events of the whole country through various information channels at the first time. We found that people generally discuss negative news about high social status groups such as social stars, rich and powerful people more intensely than the general public, and denounce the public opinion more strongly. And there are two conflict events involving different social status (such as chengguan and hawkers). The first time people tend to think that the strong are bullying the weak, the culprit is the stronger. The research about the weak person effect shows that the weak person's identity will bring more social support, but the research about this kind of support effect does not extend to the negative social event, especially the moral judgment of the weak person's negative sexual behavior. Although the social moral norms are fixed, but the moral standards of people themselves are changed, affected by a variety of factors, support and sympathy for the disadvantaged will affect their immoral behavior of moral judgment? Are vulnerable people more likely to be forgiven for immorality and have more permission for immoral behaviour than for high-status people? On the basis of the study of the effect of the vulnerable, this study takes the immoral event as the situation, and further studies the moral superiority effect and the influencing factors of the vulnerable in the negative social events. First of all, two different situations were designed for a material. The subjects were asked to rate the immorality of their behavior and their motivation for retaliation after reading the material. To explore the differences between the weak and the strong in moral cognition and forgiving behavior tendency. The second study mainly discusses the factors that affect the moral advantage of the vulnerable. The study is divided into two sub-experiments. Experiment one is to explore the influence of behavioral orientation on the moral advantage of the vulnerable, starting from the actual situation. To study the behavior of moral behavior when the social individual is in the moral situation; In the second experiment, more materials highlighted situational stress and discussed the influence of behavior motivation on people's moral decision. The results show that: (1) in negative social events such as vicious competition, the socially vulnerable tend to be easily biased by people's support in the first place, which we call the "vulnerable person effect". Even in the case of explicit immoral behavior, the moral condemnation of the socially disadvantaged is lighter and easier to be forgiven, that is to say, there is a moral advantage effect for the disadvantaged. (2) the moral advantage effect of the vulnerable people is influenced by the behavior orientation, when it is not related to their own interests, people will unconditionally support the vulnerable people, and easy to forgive their behavior; But when it comes to their own interests, people denounce the weak as strongly as they do, and are less likely to be pardoned. (3) the behavior motive affects the weak person's moral superiority phenomenon, the motive can make the weak person and the strong person to have the identity conversion, once makes the people feel that the weak person's behavior is malicious, the weak person will be regarded as the strong person side; The moral advantage effect of the weak disappeared; If people feel the motivations of the powerful are harmless or forced, they also have moral forgiveness for their actions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842

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