【摘要】：認(rèn)知領(lǐng)域的心理疲勞是心理能量不能維持原有活動(dòng)水平的現(xiàn)象,在生活中很常見(jiàn),但是難于測(cè)量,不僅影響到個(gè)體的工作效率,還會(huì)影響心理生理健康。大部分人在經(jīng)歷疲勞后,由于各種內(nèi)外因素使個(gè)體沒(méi)有立即停下來(lái)休息,為較好地完成任務(wù),個(gè)體必須提高認(rèn)知監(jiān)控水平,確保良好的應(yīng)激狀態(tài),控制行動(dòng)以減少錯(cuò)誤的出現(xiàn)。心理疲勞下個(gè)體認(rèn)知監(jiān)控能力是否下降,其外周生理又是怎樣變化的有待驗(yàn)證。 本文以大學(xué)本科生為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象,采用被試內(nèi)研究方法,采用注意的雙側(cè)任務(wù)(flankers task)為認(rèn)知任務(wù),以心率變異性HRV作為監(jiān)測(cè)手段。將研究分為兩個(gè)階段(4+1模式),通過(guò)4個(gè)(T1-T4)時(shí)段共60分鐘連續(xù)的雙側(cè)任務(wù)誘發(fā)心理疲勞為誘發(fā)疲勞階段,隨后以社會(huì)比較和物質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)激發(fā)參與者進(jìn)行另外1個(gè)(T5)時(shí)段約20分鐘的認(rèn)知任務(wù)為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)階段。本研究以不同時(shí)段上的心理疲勞為自變量,主觀感受、行為數(shù)據(jù)和HRV指標(biāo)為因變量。研究記錄了參與者兩階段的疲勞程度,情緒狀態(tài)、厭惡程度(不愿意繼續(xù)完成該任務(wù)的程度)；反應(yīng)時(shí)、錯(cuò)誤率以及HRV的時(shí)域指標(biāo)SDNN、RMSSD,頻域指標(biāo)LF(主要反應(yīng)交感神經(jīng)活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度)、HF(主要反應(yīng)副交感神經(jīng)活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度)、LF/HF等�？疾炝诵睦砥趯�(duì)認(rèn)知監(jiān)控的影響以及外周生理的變化特征。結(jié)果顯示： (1)誘發(fā)疲勞后與實(shí)驗(yàn)前相比,參與者的疲勞程度、負(fù)性情緒、厭惡程度均有所增加,正性情緒降低,差異顯著；反應(yīng)時(shí)增加,差異不顯著,錯(cuò)誤率增高,差異顯著；說(shuō)明心理疲勞使個(gè)體動(dòng)機(jī)水平下降,積極感受減少,消極感受增加,認(rèn)知監(jiān)控能力下降,行為績(jī)效受損。 (2)給予獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)后與誘發(fā)疲勞后相比,參與者的疲勞程度、負(fù)性情緒、厭惡感受減少,正性情緒增加,差異顯著；反應(yīng)時(shí)與錯(cuò)誤率降低,差異顯著；說(shuō)明獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制通過(guò)激發(fā)個(gè)體內(nèi)部動(dòng)力,增加了積極感受,提高了認(rèn)知監(jiān)控水平,改善了疲勞的影響。 (3)在整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中對(duì)兼容刺激條目的反應(yīng)時(shí)始終小于不兼容刺激條目反應(yīng)時(shí),差異不顯著,對(duì)兼容刺激條目反應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤率始終小于不兼容刺激條目反應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤率,差異顯著,說(shuō)明復(fù)雜刺激需要更高的認(rèn)知監(jiān)控水平。 (4)在誘發(fā)疲勞階段HRV時(shí)域指標(biāo)SDNN、RMSSD,頻域指標(biāo)LF、HF呈上升趨勢(shì),但LF占優(yōu)勢(shì),所以LF/HF也呈上升趨勢(shì)；獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)階段時(shí)域指標(biāo)SDNN、 RMSSD仍然上升,頻域指標(biāo)LF下降、HF上升,所以LF/HF也呈下降趨勢(shì),并且變化顯著；說(shuō)明個(gè)體長(zhǎng)時(shí)間持續(xù)性應(yīng)激容易引發(fā)疲勞,交感神經(jīng)活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大于副交感神經(jīng)活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度,源于疲勞造成了參與者認(rèn)知監(jiān)控能力下降,給出獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)之后副交感神經(jīng)再次激活,調(diào)控能力得到部分改善。 結(jié)論,心理疲勞后表現(xiàn)為交感副交感神經(jīng)的協(xié)調(diào)性失衡,副交感神經(jīng)反映的外周神經(jīng)的抑制功能下降,個(gè)體難以維持良好的情緒狀態(tài)和行為水平,獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)或激勵(lì)能夠改善疲勞的影響,再次提高副交感的抑制協(xié)調(diào)能力,從而提高行為效率。
[Abstract]:Mental fatigue in cognitive field is a phenomenon that mental energy can not maintain the original level of activity. It is very common in life, but difficult to measure, which not only affects the work efficiency of individuals, but also affects mental and physical health. Most people do not stop to rest immediately because of various internal and external factors after fatigue. In order to complete the task well, individuals must improve their cognitive monitoring level, ensure a good stress state, and control their actions to reduce the occurrence of mistakes. Whether the individual cognitive monitoring ability decreases under mental fatigue and how the peripheral physiology changes needs to be verified. In this study, undergraduate students were selected as experimental subjects. The method of in-test study was used, the bilateral task of attention (flankers task) was used as cognitive task, and the heart rate variability (HRV) was used as a monitoring method. The study was divided into two stages (model 41). Mental fatigue was induced by four (T1-T4) periods of 60 minutes of continuous bilateral tasks. Then social comparison and material incentives were used to stimulate the participants to perform another cognitive task (T _ 5) for 20 minutes. In this study, mental fatigue in different periods of time was regarded as independent variable, subjective feeling, behavioral data and HRV index as dependent variable. The study recorded the participants' two-stage fatigue, emotional state, and aversion (the degree of unwillingness to continue to complete the task); The error rate and SDNN,RMSSD, frequency-domain index (LF) of HRV (the main response to sympathetic activity), HF (mainly to parasympathetic activity) LF/HF and so on. The effects of mental fatigue on cognitive monitoring and the characteristics of peripheral physiology were investigated. The results showed that: (1) after induced fatigue, the degree of fatigue, negative emotion and aversion of the participants increased, and the positive emotion decreased, the difference was significant; The response time increased, the difference was not significant, the error rate increased and the difference was significant, which indicated that mental fatigue caused the decrease of individual motivation level, the decrease of positive feeling, the increase of negative feeling, the decrease of cognitive monitoring ability, and the impairment of behavior performance. (2) the degree of fatigue, negative emotion, aversion were decreased, positive emotion was increased, reaction time and error rate were decreased, and the difference was significant. It shows that the reward mechanism can increase the positive feeling, improve the level of cognitive monitoring and improve the influence of fatigue by arousing the internal motivation of the individual. (3) in the whole experiment, the response time to compatible stimulus items was always less than that of incompatible stimulus items, and the error rate of compatible stimulus items was always lower than that of incompatible stimulus items, and the difference was significant. This suggests that complex stimuli require higher levels of cognitive monitoring. (4) in the induced fatigue stage, the HRV time-domain index SDNN,RMSSD, frequency-domain index LF,HF showed an upward trend, but LF was dominant, so LF/HF also showed an upward trend; The time domain index (SDNN, RMSSD) is still rising, the frequency-domain index (LF) is decreasing, and the HF is increasing, so the LF/HF also shows a downward trend, and the change is significant. The results showed that long lasting stress could lead to fatigue, and the intensity of sympathetic nerve activity was higher than that of parasympathetic nerve activity, which resulted from fatigue, which resulted in the decrease of participants' cognitive monitoring ability, and the parasympathetic nerve was reactivated after the reward was given. The ability to regulate and control has been partially improved. Conclusion: after mental fatigue, the coordination of sympathetic parasympathetic nerves is out of balance, the inhibitory function of peripheral nerves reflected by parasympathetic nerves is decreased, and it is difficult for individuals to maintain good emotional state and behavioral level. Rewards or incentives can improve the effect of fatigue and improve the ability of inhibition and coordination of parasympathetic, thus improving the efficiency of behavior.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：B842.1

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