【摘要】：目的:1.同時(shí)引入時(shí)間壓力、決策角色變量,探討其對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的影響。2.分類(lèi)細(xì)化決策情境,探討時(shí)間壓力、決策角色在不同情境下對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的影響。方法:本研究共包括三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn):首先通過(guò)預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)確定正式實(shí)驗(yàn)所需的時(shí)間壓力。正式實(shí)驗(yàn)采用2(時(shí)間壓力:有時(shí)間壓力、無(wú)時(shí)間壓力)×2(決策角色:自我決策、預(yù)測(cè)他人決策)×2(框架屬性:正性框架、負(fù)性框架)的三因素混合實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),在實(shí)驗(yàn)一、二中分別探討三者在具體的生命問(wèn)題領(lǐng)域和金錢(qián)問(wèn)題領(lǐng)域下對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的影響,其中時(shí)間壓力為被試間變量,決策角色與框架屬性為被試內(nèi)變量。將被試所得的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分?jǐn)?shù)作為因變量。結(jié)果:1.實(shí)驗(yàn)一生命問(wèn)題領(lǐng)域結(jié)果(1)決策角色的主效應(yīng)顯著(p=0.001,p0.05),個(gè)體預(yù)測(cè)他人決策時(shí)更冒險(xiǎn)。(2)框架類(lèi)型對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的主效應(yīng)顯著(p=0.012,p0.05),個(gè)體在負(fù)性框架下更加冒險(xiǎn)。(3)時(shí)間壓力與決策角色對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的影響存在顯著的交互作用(p=0.005,p0.05):無(wú)時(shí)間壓力條件下,個(gè)體為自我決策更冒險(xiǎn);有時(shí)間壓力條件下,個(gè)體為自我決策與預(yù)測(cè)他人決策的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好差異不顯著。(4)時(shí)間壓力與框架屬性對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的影響存在顯著的交互作用(p=0.008,p0.05):無(wú)時(shí)間壓力條件下,個(gè)體面對(duì)正性框架與負(fù)性框架時(shí)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好無(wú)顯著差異;有時(shí)間壓力條件下,個(gè)體在正性框架下更加冒險(xiǎn)。2.實(shí)驗(yàn)二金錢(qián)問(wèn)題領(lǐng)域結(jié)果(1)時(shí)間壓力對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的主效應(yīng)顯著(p=0.002,p0.05),個(gè)體在有時(shí)間壓力條件下更冒險(xiǎn)。(2)時(shí)間壓力與決策角色對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策的影響存在顯著的交互作用(p=0.037,p0.05):無(wú)時(shí)間壓力條件下,個(gè)體為自我決策與預(yù)測(cè)他人決策的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)偏好無(wú)顯著差異;有時(shí)間壓力條件下,個(gè)體預(yù)測(cè)他人決策時(shí)更冒險(xiǎn)。結(jié)論:1.時(shí)間壓力、決策角色與框架屬性都影響風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策,且影響機(jī)制比較復(fù)雜。2.不同的決策情境下,時(shí)間壓力、決策角色對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)決策產(chǎn)生的影響也不同。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. At the same time, introduce time pressure, decision role variables, to explore its impact on risk decision-making. 2. The influence of time pressure and decision-making role on risk decision-making is discussed. Methods: this study consists of three experiments: first, the time pressure required for formal experiment was determined by pre-experiment. The formal experiment was designed with 3 factors of 2 (time pressure: time pressure, no time pressure) 脳 2 (decision-making role: self decision, predictive decision making by others) 脳 2 (frame attribute: positive frame, negative frame). The second part discusses the impact of the three factors on the risk decision making in the specific life problem field and the money problem field, in which the time pressure is the inter-subjects variable, the decision-making role and the frame attribute are the in-subjects variables. The risk score was taken as dependent variable. Results: 1. The results of experiment 1 were as follows: (1) the main effect of decision making role was significant (p0.001 / p0.05), while individuals were more adventurous in predicting others' decision making. (2) the main effect of frame type on risk decision making was significant (p0.012 / p0.05). Individuals are more adventurous in negative frame. (3) there is significant interaction between time pressure and decision-making role on risk decision making (p0.005 / p0.05): when there is no time pressure, individuals are more adventurous for self-decision; Under the condition of time stress, there was no significant difference between individual risk preference for self-decision and prediction of others' decision. (4) there was significant interaction between time pressure and frame attribute on risk decision (p0.008). P0.05): there was no significant difference in risk preference between individuals facing positive frame and negative frame without time stress. Under time stress, individuals are more adventurous under a positive frame. 2. Experiment 2 money problem Domain results (1) the main effect of time stress on risk decision making was significant (p 0.002 / p0.05). Individuals were more adventurous under time stress. (2) there was a significant interaction between time pressure and decision making role on risk decision making (p0.037 / p0.05). There is no significant difference between individual risk preference for self-decision-making and prediction of others' decision-making; Under time stress, individuals are more adventurous in predicting other people's decisions. Conclusion: 1. Time pressure, decision role and frame attribute all affect risk decision, and the influence mechanism is complex. 2. The influence of time pressure and decision-making role on risk decision-making is different in different decision-making situations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：B848

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