發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-27 14:19

【摘要】：瑞士著名的心理學(xué)家卡爾·古斯塔夫·榮格、分析心理學(xué)的創(chuàng)始人,曾提出一系列原型意象,并在此基礎(chǔ)上形成了完整的原型理論,該理論對(duì)進(jìn)一步了解人類的心理問(wèn)題以及人格建構(gòu)做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。在榮格原型理論看來(lái),原型意象潛藏于人類內(nèi)心深處,對(duì)人類的心理與行為產(chǎn)生有意無(wú)意的影響,是原型的象征性表現(xiàn)。其中,人格面具、陰影及自性是實(shí)現(xiàn)人格整合的三個(gè)重要原型意象。首先,文章論述了三個(gè)原型意象的內(nèi)涵。第一,人格面具展現(xiàn)了人格中的理想自我,代表了人公開(kāi)展示于社會(huì)的一面;第二,陰影揭露了個(gè)體心靈中的黑暗面,代表了人性中惡的部分;第三,自性是人格面具與陰影兩種原型互相融合所形成的整體道德,通過(guò)對(duì)人格的不同側(cè)面進(jìn)行諧調(diào)與平衡幫助個(gè)體完成自我實(shí)現(xiàn),使人格趨向于統(tǒng)一、和諧與穩(wěn)定。榮格的原型理論對(duì)于人格的認(rèn)知有著重要意義,為深入分析和反思當(dāng)代網(wǎng)絡(luò)社會(huì)中所出現(xiàn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格失范現(xiàn)象提供了理論支持,也為塑造健全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格提供了新的視角。其次,文章基于榮格的原型理論視角,分析了當(dāng)代大學(xué)生的網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格的特點(diǎn)、失范現(xiàn)象及其原因。大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格是大學(xué)生在網(wǎng)絡(luò)交往過(guò)程中形成的心理品質(zhì)和人格特征。作為網(wǎng)絡(luò)當(dāng)中最為活躍的群體,大學(xué)生的網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格表現(xiàn)出鮮明的特征。隨著信息時(shí)代的到來(lái),大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格失范現(xiàn)象日益加劇,由于網(wǎng)絡(luò)導(dǎo)致心理疾病、引發(fā)社會(huì)問(wèn)題的概率有所增加。在榮格原型理論視角下,大學(xué)生的網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格失范主要有以下幾種表現(xiàn):人格面具的過(guò)度膨脹、陰影的過(guò)度釋放以及自性的缺失。第一,人格面具過(guò)度膨脹主要表現(xiàn)為動(dòng)機(jī)上的道德偽善以及行為上的個(gè)人主義。第二,陰影的過(guò)度釋放,容易使大學(xué)生產(chǎn)生沖動(dòng)和不理智的攻擊行為,產(chǎn)生以發(fā)泄為主要目的的網(wǎng)絡(luò)暴力、以及將不符合自己道德形象的陰影投射給他人所帶來(lái)的“道德審判”。第三,自性的缺失容易產(chǎn)生情感上的道德冷漠、心理上的網(wǎng)絡(luò)依賴以及價(jià)值觀上的信仰缺失。上述大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格失范的原因主要由客觀和主觀兩方面因素造成的。在網(wǎng)絡(luò)與社會(huì)文化逐步趨向融合的客觀環(huán)境下,精神價(jià)值缺失以及人類精神與自然本性的分裂是當(dāng)代大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格失范的重要客觀因素。由內(nèi)觀之,對(duì)人格面具的片面認(rèn)知、對(duì)陰影的壓抑與否認(rèn)以及自性的消解是大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格失范的重要主觀因素。最后,依據(jù)榮格原型理論,文章為建構(gòu)大學(xué)生健全的網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格分別提供了理論指導(dǎo)和實(shí)踐啟示。在理論指導(dǎo)層面,應(yīng)當(dāng)認(rèn)識(shí)到三個(gè)原型意象對(duì)當(dāng)代大學(xué)生德育發(fā)展有著重要的意義。首先,道德教育的目的是促進(jìn)個(gè)體適應(yīng)不同的人格面具,通過(guò)樹(shù)立獨(dú)立的道德判斷使個(gè)體適應(yīng)不同的社會(huì)角色,喚醒對(duì)個(gè)體人性的尊重。其次,道德教育通過(guò)認(rèn)識(shí)與接納陰影來(lái)優(yōu)化、改造人性,使個(gè)體的道德意識(shí)得到提升。第三,自性的實(shí)現(xiàn)與否是判斷道德教育結(jié)果成功與否的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵標(biāo)志。只有貫徹“以人為本”、“尊重人性”的理念,使大學(xué)生的個(gè)體需要與社會(huì)需要得到最大程度的契合,充分發(fā)揮個(gè)體價(jià)值和社會(huì)價(jià)值,最終才可以實(shí)現(xiàn)人格的完善。同時(shí),應(yīng)當(dāng)把握網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格與現(xiàn)實(shí)人格的同一性,建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格的“道德整合”,實(shí)現(xiàn)大學(xué)生人格“網(wǎng)上”與“網(wǎng)下”的趨同性融合,完成“自性”的回歸。在實(shí)踐啟示層面,對(duì)大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格的建構(gòu),需要從客觀和主觀兩方面因素的共同作用以達(dá)到完滿人格的實(shí)現(xiàn)。其中,客觀方面重點(diǎn)在于強(qiáng)化網(wǎng)絡(luò)心理教育與訓(xùn)練、創(chuàng)設(shè)健康的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境、規(guī)范網(wǎng)絡(luò)立法;主觀方面重點(diǎn)在于以下三點(diǎn):第一,順應(yīng)人格面具,實(shí)現(xiàn)“網(wǎng)上”與“網(wǎng)下”的融合,促進(jìn)大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)理想自我與現(xiàn)實(shí)自我相互協(xié)調(diào)一致,更為清晰地認(rèn)識(shí)自己的角色,為走向社會(huì)化之路打好扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。第二,鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)生在接納陰影、減少社會(huì)道德壓力的同時(shí),鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)生改造陰影。第三,接受心靈的本然,走上自性化之路。對(duì)此,大學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)積極認(rèn)識(shí)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)當(dāng)中的自我價(jià)值和意義,在心理層面建立起心理自我調(diào)控、自我內(nèi)化內(nèi)心沖突的機(jī)制,對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建立起真、善、美的判斷。總之,主觀上的改變離不開(kāi)客觀環(huán)境的支持,只有主客觀相互作用才能最終推動(dòng)大學(xué)生網(wǎng)絡(luò)人格的健康發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Carl Gustav Jung, a well-known psychologist in Switzerland, has made a series of archetypal images based on the analysis of the founder of psychology, and formed a complete prototype theory on the basis of which the theory has made a great contribution to the further understanding of human psychological problems and the construction of personality. In the view of Jung's prototype, the archetypal image is hidden in the heart of the human body, and the influence on the human's psychology and behavior is the symbolic expression of the prototype. Among them, the personality mask, the shadow and the self-nature are three important archetypes to realize the integrity of the personality. First, the paper discusses the connotation of three archetypes. First, the personality mask shows the ideal self in the personality, and represents the one's public display on one side of the society; the second, the shadow exposes the dark side in the individual's mind, and represents the part of the evil in the human nature; and thirdly, Self-nature is the whole morality formed by the two archetypes of the personality mask and the shadow, and the individual's self-realization is achieved through the harmonic adjustment and the balance of the different sides of the personality, so that the personality tends to be unified, harmonious and stable. Jung's prototype theory is of great significance to the cognition of personality, and provides the theoretical support for the in-depth analysis and reflection on the phenomenon of network personality disorder in the contemporary network society, and also provides a new perspective for shaping the sound network personality. Secondly, based on the prototype of Jung, the paper analyzes the characteristics of the network personality of contemporary college students, the phenomenon of the anomie and its causes. College students' network personality is the psychological quality and personality characteristics of college students in the course of network communication. As the most active group among the network, the network personality of the college students has a clear characteristic. With the advent of the information age, the phenomenon of network personality of college students is increasing, and the probability of social problems is increased due to the mental illness caused by the network. In the view of Jung's prototype theory, the college students' network personality disorder mainly has the following performance: the over-expansion of the personality mask, the over-release of the shadow, and the loss of self-performance. First, the over-expansion of the personality mask is mainly manifested as the moral hypocrisy of the motive and the individualism in the behavior. Second, the over-release of the shadow makes it easy for college students to generate impulsive and irrational aggressive behavior, to generate network-based violence for the primary purpose, and to cast shadows that do not conform to their own moral image to the 鈥渕oral judgment鈥，

本文編號(hào)：2393199