【摘要】：諸多研究表明,羞怯個體往往十分在意所處環(huán)境中自己與他人的差異以及他人對自己的評價,由之可推,開展不同的社會比較情境對羞怯個體影響方面的研究有著重要的理論與現(xiàn)實意義。在飛速發(fā)展且競爭與合作并存的新時代,羞怯個體如何做出最有利于自身發(fā)展的社會決策,同樣有其研究價值。因而,不同的社會比較情境中,羞怯個體的社會決策表現(xiàn)是我們研究的重點。本研究采用問卷調(diào)查和實驗研究相結(jié)合的方法,選取山東某高校在校本科生作為被試,運用最后通牒博弈和囚徒困境博弈的實驗范式,探討不同社會比較方向?qū)τ诓煌咔铀酱髮W生社會決策的影響。共有四個實驗:實驗一基于公平的基礎(chǔ)上,使用最后通牒博弈的實驗范式,探討不同社會比較方向?qū)π咔觽�體面對不公平?jīng)Q策接受情況的影響;實驗二基于信任的基礎(chǔ)上,使用囚徒困境博弈的實驗范式,探討不同社會比較方向?qū)π咔觽�體面對競爭/合作的選擇情況的影響;實驗三在實驗一的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步驗證和探索在平行比較中,羞怯個體在面對不公平分配方案時的決策情況;實驗四在實驗二的基礎(chǔ)上,進一步驗證和探索在平行比較中,羞怯個體在面對競爭/合作時的決策情況。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)相較于非羞怯個體,羞怯個體對于不公平分配方案的接受率明顯較低;在不同方向的社會比較情境中,上行比較情境中個體對不公平分配方案的接受率最高,平行比較情境中的接受率次之,下行比較情境中的接受率最低;面對社會決策方案時,個體對公平的分配方案的接受率明顯高于對不公平方案的接受率。在最后通牒博弈任務(wù)中,羞怯個體對不公平?jīng)Q策的接受率相對更低,上行比較、平行比較、下行比較三種比較情況下的接受率依次減少。(2)在面對競爭/合作的選擇情境時,羞怯個體對合作的選擇率明顯低于非羞怯個體;上行比較、平行比較和下行比較三種社會比較方向的情境中,個體對合作的選擇率依次遞減。在囚徒困境博弈任務(wù)中,下行比較會使羞怯個體面對競爭/合作的決策更傾向于選擇競爭。(3)在平行比較的情境中,相較于非羞怯個體,羞怯個體對于不公平分配方案的接受率明顯較少;當博弈對象為親密他人時,個體對不公平分配方案的接受率明顯高于當博弈對象為陌生他人時的情境時。在平行比較的最后通牒博弈任務(wù)中,羞怯個體對不公平?jīng)Q策的接受率相對更低,在面對陌生他人時比面對親密他人時接受率要低。(4)在平行比較的情境中,當面對競爭/合作的選擇情境時,羞怯個體和非羞怯個體對合作的選擇率差異不顯著;個體面對親密他人時,對競爭/合作的選擇相較于面對陌生他人時更傾向于選擇合作。在平行比較的囚徒困境博弈任務(wù)中,羞怯個體在面對陌生他人時,面對競爭/合作的決策更傾向于與選擇競爭。
[Abstract]:A number of studies have shown that shy individuals tend to be very concerned about the differences between themselves and others in their environment and how others perceive themselves, which can be extrapolated. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the influence of different social comparative situations on shyness individuals. In the new era of rapid development and coexistence of competition and cooperation, it is also valuable to study how shy individuals make social decisions that are most beneficial to their own development. Therefore, in different social comparison situations, the social decision-making performance of shy individuals is the focus of our research. This study adopts the method of questionnaire investigation and experimental research, selects the undergraduate students of a certain university in Shandong as the subjects, and applies the experimental paradigm of ultimatum game and prisoner's dilemma game. This paper discusses the influence of different social comparative directions on the social decision-making of college students with different shyness levels. There are four experiments: experiment 1 based on fairness, using the experimental paradigm of ultimatum game, to explore the influence of different social comparison directions on the shy individuals' acceptance of unfair decisions; Experiment 2, based on trust, uses the experimental paradigm of prisoner's dilemma game to explore the influence of different social comparative directions on shy individuals' choice of competition / cooperation. On the basis of experiment 1, experiment 3 further verifies and explores the decision-making of shy individuals in the face of unfair distribution schemes in parallel comparisons. On the basis of experiment 2, experiment 4 further verifies and explores the decision-making of shy individuals in the face of competition / cooperation in parallel comparisons. The main results are as follows: (1) compared with non-shy individuals, the rate of acceptance of unfair distribution schemes by shy individuals is significantly lower than that of non-shy individuals; In the social comparison situation of different directions, the individual acceptance rate of unfair distribution scheme is the highest in the uplink comparison situation, followed by the acceptance rate in the parallel comparison situation, and the lowest in the downlink comparison situation. In the face of social decision-making scheme, the acceptance rate of the fair distribution scheme is obviously higher than that of the unfair scheme. In the task of ultimatum game, the acceptance rate of shy individuals to unfair decision is relatively lower. (2) in the face of competition / cooperation selection situation, the choice rate of shy individuals to cooperation is significantly lower than that of non-shy individuals; In the situations of uplink comparison, parallel comparison and downlink comparison, the selection rate of cooperation decreases in turn. In the task of prisoners' Dilemma game, downlink comparison will make shy individuals more inclined to choose competition in the face of competition / cooperation. (3) in parallel comparison, it is more likely to choose competition than non-shy individuals. The acceptance rate of the shy individual to the unfair distribution scheme is obviously less; When the game object is intimate, the acceptance rate of the unfair distribution scheme is obviously higher than that of the situation when the game object is a stranger. In the ultimatum game task of parallel comparison, the acceptance rate of shy individuals to unfair decisions is lower than that of intimate others. (4) in parallel comparison situations, the acceptance rate of shy individuals is lower than that of intimate others. When faced with the situation of competition / cooperation, there was no significant difference between shy individuals and non-shy individuals in the choice of cooperation. In the face of intimate others, the choice of competition / cooperation is more likely to choose cooperation than when facing strangers. In the parallel comparison of the prisoners' dilemma game task, the shy individual is more inclined to compete with the choice of decision in the face of competition / cooperation in the face of strangers.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B848

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