【摘要】：面孔的分類識(shí)別是人類進(jìn)化過程中發(fā)展起來的重要能力,對人類的生活有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。面孔年齡是面孔識(shí)別的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在對面孔進(jìn)行識(shí)別時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)年齡效應(yīng)。年齡效應(yīng)包括同齡效應(yīng)和異齡效應(yīng)。同齡效應(yīng)是指,在對面孔進(jìn)行再認(rèn)時(shí),人們對同齡面孔的再認(rèn)成績要好于異齡面孔;異齡效應(yīng)又叫異齡分類優(yōu)勢,指的是在對面孔進(jìn)行分類時(shí)候,人們對于異齡面孔的分類速度要快于同齡面孔。先前研究中對于異齡效應(yīng)的研究較少,而對同齡效應(yīng)已經(jīng)有了比較充分的論證。因此對于異齡效應(yīng)及其影響因素的研究可以充實(shí)年齡效應(yīng)的理論范疇,在實(shí)踐生活中,也可以利用相關(guān)研究結(jié)果避免錯(cuò)誤和尷尬。作為年齡效應(yīng)不可分割的兩個(gè)方面,同齡效應(yīng)和異齡效應(yīng)的關(guān)系并沒有得到相關(guān)解釋。先前研究表明對同齡面孔的整體性加工是導(dǎo)致再認(rèn)成績的關(guān)鍵因素,那么加工方式的不同如何影響人們對于不同年齡面孔分類,且不同加工方式之間是否存在一定的關(guān)系需要進(jìn)一步研究。同時(shí)在對面孔情緒的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),人們對優(yōu)先加工負(fù)性情緒信息而抑制對其他信息的加工,那么面孔分類時(shí)的年齡效應(yīng)和面孔情緒之間是否存在一定的關(guān)系也是探究的重點(diǎn)。為了探究面孔分類時(shí)的年齡效應(yīng)及其相關(guān)影響因素,本次研究設(shè)計(jì)三個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)一運(yùn)用分類—再認(rèn)范式探究同齡效應(yīng)及異齡分類優(yōu)勢,以及兩者之間的關(guān)系;實(shí)驗(yàn)二運(yùn)用模糊—打亂范式通過分離面孔信息探究面孔分類時(shí)的加工方式,及其對年齡效應(yīng)的影響;實(shí)驗(yàn)三加入中性、積極、消極三種面孔情緒,探究面孔情緒對面孔分類年齡效應(yīng)的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)在對不同年齡面孔分類時(shí),表現(xiàn)出了異齡效應(yīng),且更長的分類時(shí)間不能決定更好的再認(rèn)成績;(2)不同面孔年齡間都存在模糊—打亂效應(yīng),說明面孔分類時(shí)既進(jìn)行了整體性加工又進(jìn)行了分析性加工,且整體性加工占主要地位;(3)面孔的年齡效應(yīng)會(huì)受到面孔情緒的影響,消極面孔抑制了面孔分類的異齡優(yōu)勢效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:The classification and recognition of faces is an important ability developed in the course of human evolution, which has a profound impact on human life. Face age is an important indicator of face recognition. The age effect was found in face recognition. The age effect includes the age effect and the age effect. The same age effect means that the recognition of faces of the same age is better than that of faces of different ages. The age effect is also called the advantage of age classification, which means that people classify faces of different ages faster than faces of the same age when classifying faces. There are few studies on the age effect in previous studies, but there has been sufficient evidence for the same age effect. Therefore, the study of the age effect and its influencing factors can enrich the theoretical category of age effect, and in practice, we can also use the relevant research results to avoid errors and embarrassment. As two inseparable aspects of the age effect, the relationship between the age effect and the age effect has not been explained. Previous studies have shown that holistic processing of faces of the same age is a key factor leading to recognition, so how do different processing methods affect people's classification of faces of different ages, And whether there is a certain relationship between different processing methods needs further study. At the same time, in the study of facial emotion, we find that people preferentially process negative emotional information and suppress the processing of other information, so whether there is a certain relationship between age effect and facial emotion in face classification is also the focus of this study. In order to investigate the age effect of face classification and its related factors, three experiments were designed. Experiment 1 uses classification-recognition paradigm to explore the advantage of age effect and age difference, and the relationship between them. In experiment two, the fuzzy-disruption paradigm was used to explore the processing mode of face classification and its influence on age effect by separating face information. In the third experiment, neutral, positive and negative facial emotions were added to explore the influence of facial emotion on the age effect of face classification. The experimental results show that: (1) in the classification of faces of different ages, there is a different age effect, and the longer classification time can not determine the better recognition scores; (2) the fuzzy-disruption effect exists in different face ages, which shows that face classification is processed both integrally and analytically, and holistic processing is the main process. (3) the age effect of face is influenced by facial emotion, and negative face inhibits the heterogeneity effect of face classification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：B842

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本文編號(hào)：2380993