心理咨詢中的幫助—當事人與咨詢師的對比研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-25 16:49
【摘要】：心理學中關于幫助的理論研究和實證研究都已經日臻完善,心理咨詢作為一種特殊的幫助情境還沒有進入研究者的視野。但是在實際的心理咨詢的環(huán)境中,幫助是一個很重要的話題。鑒于此,筆者初步對心理咨詢中的幫助類型,按照實際的發(fā)展過程從當事人希望的幫助類型、咨詢師給與的幫助類型、當事人知覺的幫助類型三個角度進行探索,以期了解在三種角度下的幫助類型的異同及其影響因素。圍繞這一目標,我們進行了以下三個研究： 研究一目的:了解當事人希望的幫助的類型、知覺的幫助的類型及其影響因素。方法：采用問卷法,當事人填寫問卷。結果：有58人(44.6%)希望得到依賴傾向的幫助,70人(54.7%)希望得到自主傾向的幫助。當事人的責任程度、人格獨立性可以正向預測當事人希望的幫助類型。在當事人知覺到的幫助類型中,有50人(38.5%)知覺到咨詢師給與的是依賴傾向的幫助,有78人(60.9%)知覺到咨詢師給與的是自主傾向的幫助。當事人的責任程度、人格獨立性可以正向預測當事人知覺的幫助類型。結論：當事人希望的幫助與知覺的幫助存在顯著差異。 研究二目的：了解咨詢師咨詢師給與的幫助類型及其影響因素。方法：采用問卷法,咨詢師填寫問卷。結果：在咨詢師實際給與的幫助類型中,給與的“依賴傾向的幫助”的有21人(17.6%),給與“自主傾向的幫助”的有95人(79.8%)。咨詢師知覺的當事人的可控程度、當事人的能力歸因、當事人的情緒狀態(tài)可以預測咨詢師給與的幫助類型。結論：咨詢師給與的幫助同時受當事人與咨詢師的影響。 研究三目的：在研究一和研究二的基礎上,將當事人希望的幫助類型、咨詢師給與的幫助類型、當事人知覺的幫助類型進行對比研究。方法:將收集到的一對咨詢師與當事人的信心進行對比研究。結果：當事人的可控程度評估、自尊評估、內歸因評估,咨詢師從事咨詢的時間以及對當事人人格獨立性的評估等可以預測當事人“希望的幫助”與“知覺的幫助”是否一致。當事人評估的可控程度、自尊、內歸因,咨詢師評估的當事人的人格獨立性和從事咨詢的時間可以預測當事人“希望的幫助”與咨詢師“給與的幫助”是否一致。當事人評估的內歸因,咨詢師評估的情緒狀態(tài)、人格獨立性以及咨詢師的心理控制源和收費標準可以預測當事人“希望的幫助”與咨詢師“給與的幫助”是否一致。結論：三種幫助之間是否一致同時受咨詢師與當事人兩方的影響。
[Abstract]:The theoretical and empirical research on help in psychology has been improved day by day. As a special help situation, psychological counseling has not entered the researchers' field of vision. But in a practical counseling environment, help is an important topic. In view of this, the author preliminarily explores the types of help in psychological counseling, according to the actual development process, from three angles: the type of help desired by the client, the type of help given by the consultant, and the type of help perceived by the client. The purpose of this paper is to understand the similarities and differences of the types of help in the three angles and their influencing factors. Around this goal, we have carried out the following three studies: the purpose of the study: to understand the type of help desired by the client, the type of perceived help and its influencing factors. Methods: questionnaire was used to fill out the questionnaire. Results: 58 (44.6%) wanted help from dependence tendency, and 70 (54.7%) wanted help from independent tendency. The degree of responsibility and personality independence can positively predict the type of help that the party wants. Among the types of help perceived by the client, 50 (38.5%) felt that the counsellor was giving the help of dependency tendency, and 78 (60.9%) felt that the counsellor was giving the help of the independent tendency. The degree of responsibility and personality independence can positively predict the type of help that the party perceives. Conclusion: there are significant differences between the desired help and perceived help. The second purpose of the study was to understand the types of help offered by consultants and its influencing factors. Methods: questionnaire was used and the consultant filled out the questionnaire. Results: among the types of help actually given by counsellors, 21 (17.6%) were given the help of dependence tendency, and 95 (79.8%) were given the help of independent propensity. The degree of control of the client, the attribution of the client's ability, and the emotional state of the client can predict the type of help given by the consultant. Conclusion: the help given by the consultant is influenced by both the client and the consultant. The purpose of this study is to compare the types of help desired by the client, the type of help given by the consultant and the type of help perceived by the client on the basis of the first and second studies. Methods: a comparative study was conducted on the confidence of a pair of consultants and clients. Results: the controllability evaluation, self-esteem evaluation, internal attribution assessment, consultant's time of consultation and the evaluation of the personality independence of the client could predict whether the client's "desired help" and "perceived help" were consistent. The degree of controllability, self-esteem, internal attribution, the personality independence of the client assessed by the consultant and the time spent conducting the consultation can predict whether the client's "desired help" is consistent with the consultant's "help". The internal attribution of the client evaluation, the emotional state assessed by the consultant, the personality independence, the psychological locus of control of the consultant and the charging standard can predict whether the client's "desired help" is consistent with the help given by the consultant. Conclusion: consistency among the three types of help is influenced by both the consultant and the client.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B849
本文編號：2356799
[Abstract]:The theoretical and empirical research on help in psychology has been improved day by day. As a special help situation, psychological counseling has not entered the researchers' field of vision. But in a practical counseling environment, help is an important topic. In view of this, the author preliminarily explores the types of help in psychological counseling, according to the actual development process, from three angles: the type of help desired by the client, the type of help given by the consultant, and the type of help perceived by the client. The purpose of this paper is to understand the similarities and differences of the types of help in the three angles and their influencing factors. Around this goal, we have carried out the following three studies: the purpose of the study: to understand the type of help desired by the client, the type of perceived help and its influencing factors. Methods: questionnaire was used to fill out the questionnaire. Results: 58 (44.6%) wanted help from dependence tendency, and 70 (54.7%) wanted help from independent tendency. The degree of responsibility and personality independence can positively predict the type of help that the party wants. Among the types of help perceived by the client, 50 (38.5%) felt that the counsellor was giving the help of dependency tendency, and 78 (60.9%) felt that the counsellor was giving the help of the independent tendency. The degree of responsibility and personality independence can positively predict the type of help that the party perceives. Conclusion: there are significant differences between the desired help and perceived help. The second purpose of the study was to understand the types of help offered by consultants and its influencing factors. Methods: questionnaire was used and the consultant filled out the questionnaire. Results: among the types of help actually given by counsellors, 21 (17.6%) were given the help of dependence tendency, and 95 (79.8%) were given the help of independent propensity. The degree of control of the client, the attribution of the client's ability, and the emotional state of the client can predict the type of help given by the consultant. Conclusion: the help given by the consultant is influenced by both the client and the consultant. The purpose of this study is to compare the types of help desired by the client, the type of help given by the consultant and the type of help perceived by the client on the basis of the first and second studies. Methods: a comparative study was conducted on the confidence of a pair of consultants and clients. Results: the controllability evaluation, self-esteem evaluation, internal attribution assessment, consultant's time of consultation and the evaluation of the personality independence of the client could predict whether the client's "desired help" and "perceived help" were consistent. The degree of controllability, self-esteem, internal attribution, the personality independence of the client assessed by the consultant and the time spent conducting the consultation can predict whether the client's "desired help" is consistent with the consultant's "help". The internal attribution of the client evaluation, the emotional state assessed by the consultant, the personality independence, the psychological locus of control of the consultant and the charging standard can predict whether the client's "desired help" is consistent with the help given by the consultant. Conclusion: consistency among the three types of help is influenced by both the consultant and the client.
【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B849
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