【摘要】：句子是由詞匯基于一定的語(yǔ)法規(guī)則建構(gòu)起來(lái)的語(yǔ)言單位。因此,詞匯特征及其認(rèn)知水平直接影響到句子的加工質(zhì)量。研究表明,核心動(dòng)詞對(duì)句子的理解和產(chǎn)生具有重要作用,不但對(duì)其協(xié)同出現(xiàn)的論元結(jié)構(gòu)有著句法或語(yǔ)義方面的約束,而且能夠?qū)⒉煌瑢用娴恼Z(yǔ)言或非語(yǔ)言信息進(jìn)行有效整合。研究表明,動(dòng)詞亞范疇信息在句法解歧、從句加工等方面均具有重要作用,對(duì)該領(lǐng)域的研究對(duì)于洞悉人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言的建構(gòu)原則、句法和語(yǔ)義相互作用的規(guī)律、句子加工的內(nèi)在認(rèn)知機(jī)制等有著重要的理論及現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。以往對(duì)動(dòng)詞亞范疇信息的研究多以母語(yǔ)者為研究對(duì)象,而對(duì)二語(yǔ)者研究較少。因此本研究以不同熟練度二語(yǔ)者為研究對(duì)象,探討二語(yǔ)句子加工中不同熟練度對(duì)動(dòng)詞亞范疇認(rèn)知的影響。本研究以花園路徑句為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,以不同熟練度(高、低熟)中-英晚期二語(yǔ)者為被試,探討二語(yǔ)句子加工中不同熟練度對(duì)動(dòng)詞亞范疇認(rèn)知的影響。本研究共包括3個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn):實(shí)驗(yàn)1包括1a句子完成測(cè)驗(yàn)和1b固定步速閱讀測(cè)驗(yàn),目的在于考察被試對(duì)動(dòng)詞亞范疇信息的使用情況和探討高、低熟被試對(duì)動(dòng)詞亞范疇信息的敏感性差異。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在實(shí)驗(yàn)1a中,高、低熟被試的成績(jī)存在差異,高熟被試的成績(jī)顯著優(yōu)于低熟被試。對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)材料進(jìn)行分析發(fā)現(xiàn),被試在動(dòng)詞偏好維度上的成績(jī)存在差異,SC維度的成績(jī)優(yōu)于DO維度。在實(shí)驗(yàn)1b中,未發(fā)現(xiàn)高、低熟被試之間的差異。實(shí)驗(yàn)2為自定步速閱讀測(cè)驗(yàn),探討高、低熟被試在句子加工過(guò)程中能否利用動(dòng)詞亞范疇偏好框架進(jìn)行句子建構(gòu)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在動(dòng)詞區(qū),未發(fā)現(xiàn)被試在動(dòng)詞偏好使用上的差異。在解歧區(qū),高熟被試在SC偏好維度下對(duì)歧義句的注視時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于非歧義句的注視時(shí)間,低熟被試僅在解歧區(qū)的動(dòng)詞偏好維度上存在差異,在其他維度上不存在差異。實(shí)驗(yàn)3為眼動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn),在自然閱讀的狀態(tài)下,探討高、低熟被試動(dòng)詞亞范疇信息的使用的內(nèi)在認(rèn)知過(guò)程,進(jìn)一步探討高、低熟差異的具體表現(xiàn)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):高熟被試與低熟被試在首次注視時(shí)間、總注視時(shí)間和回視次數(shù)上存在差異,高熟被試的首次注視時(shí)間和總注視時(shí)間均短于低熟被試,高熟被試比低熟被試的回視次數(shù)多;在歧義句的加工中,高熟被試在區(qū)域2的注視時(shí)間明顯長(zhǎng)于區(qū)域1和區(qū)域3;高、低熟被試存在相似的回視模式。根據(jù)研究結(jié)果,本研究結(jié)論如下:(1)二語(yǔ)熟練度影響句法加工中動(dòng)詞亞范疇信息的利用,高熟被試對(duì)動(dòng)詞亞范疇信息的利用明顯優(yōu)于低熟被試;二語(yǔ)被試對(duì)動(dòng)詞亞范疇信息的敏感程度低于母語(yǔ)者。(2)動(dòng)詞亞范疇信息在二語(yǔ)句子加工的初始階段不發(fā)揮作用,而在句子加工的再分析階段發(fā)揮作用,支持“兩階段模型理論”。(3)對(duì)于“漢-英”二語(yǔ)者,英語(yǔ)熟練度不僅影響句子加工的即時(shí)性過(guò)程,也影響再分析過(guò)程。(4)二語(yǔ)者與母語(yǔ)者在句法加工上不存在本質(zhì)差異,隨著二語(yǔ)熟練度的增加,二語(yǔ)者對(duì)句法加工能達(dá)到一種類(lèi)母語(yǔ)狀態(tài),支持“D/P”理論模型。
[Abstract]:A sentence is a language unit constructed by a vocabulary based on a certain grammar rule. Therefore, the lexical features and their cognitive level directly affect the processing quality of the sentence. The research shows that the core verb plays an important role in the understanding and production of the sentence, not only has the syntactic or semantic constraint on the meta-structure that the core verb does, but also can effectively integrate the language or the non-language information at different levels. The research shows that the sub-category information of the verb has an important role in the aspects of syntactic disambiguation, clause processing and so on, The internal cognitive mechanism of sentence processing is of great theoretical and practical significance. In the past, the study of the sub-category information of the verb is mostly based on the mother tongue, and the study of the two-language learners is less. In this study, the influence of the different proficiency of the two-sentence subprocess on the subcategory cognition of the verb is discussed. In this study, the influence of the different proficiency of the two-sentence subprocess on the sub-category cognition of the verb is discussed with the garden path sentence as the experimental material. The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of the subcategory information of the verb and to explore the sensitivity of the high and low-maturity test to the sub-category information of the verb. The results showed that, in experiment 1a, the result of high and low-maturity test was different, and the result of high-maturity was better than that of low-maturity. The result of the analysis of the experimental material shows that the result of the test in the dimension of the verb preference is different, and the score of the SC dimension is better than that of the DO dimension. In experiment 1b, there was no difference in the test between high and low maturity. Experiment 2 is a self-fixed pace reading test to explore whether the sentence construction can be carried out by using the sub-category preference framework of the verb in the course of sentence processing. As a result, the difference in the use of the verb's preference was not found in the verb area. In the disambiguation region, the gaze time of the ambiguous sentence is longer than that of the non-ambiguous sentence in the SC preference dimension, and the low-maturity test is only a difference in the verb preference dimension of the disambiguation region, and there is no difference in other dimensions. Experiment 3 is an eye movement experiment. In the state of natural reading, the internal cognitive process of the use of sub-category information of high and low-maturity test verbs is discussed, and the concrete performance of high and low-maturity differences is further discussed. The results show that the first fixation time, the total fixation time and the total fixation time of the high-maturity tested and the low-maturity are shorter than that of the low-maturity test, and the high-maturity is more than that of the low-maturity test, and in the processing of the ambiguous sentence, The gaze time of the high-maturing test in the region 2 is significantly longer than the region 1 and the region 3; high, low-maturity is tested in a similar back-view mode. Based on the results of the study, the conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) The proficiency of the two-language proficiency affects the use of the sub-category information of the verb in the syntactic processing, and the utilization of the sub-category information of the verb is obviously better than that of the low-maturity test; the sensitivity of the two-language test to the sub-category information of the verb is lower than that of the mother tongue. (2) The sub-category information of the verb does not play a role in the initial stage of the two-statement sub-processing, and plays a role in the re-analysis phase of the sentence processing to support the 鈥渢wo-stage model theory鈥，

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